The role of acculturation, context of reception and capitals in the economic integration of Latino newcomers to the Midwest in 2009

Labor and Human Capital,

Vulnerabilities and Economic Wellbeing of Hispanics in Non-Metro Missouri

Non-metro Missouri has observed a net in-migration in the last decennial period and great part of these immigrants are Latinos (Lazos and Jeanetta). The literature contends that Latinos are being pulled into the rural areas by large agricultural operations and pushed out of urban areas by harsh immigration laws, and low job availability. The "context of reception" (Portes and Rumbaut) of communities where Latino newcomers settle impacts on how well they can integrate to the economy and settle as residents. This research addresses the factors explaining vulnerabilities faced by Latinos, and their economic conditions in non-metro Missouri, using the 2000 Census and Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) as well as county level data on racial profiling and the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) database. The livelihoods framework (Chambers and Conway; Valdivia and Gilles; Bebbington; Ellis), a focus on capabilities, capitals, and the enabling context frames the study of the vulnerability of Latinos with respect to economic success. Racial profiling is a measure of the enabling context in communities. Regression of US born Latino wages on educational attainment, English interacting with education, work experience and mobility are significant. For foreign born Latinos significant factors are education, the interaction of education and good and low English ability, gender, work experience, racial profiling, and mobility. Being a foreign born Latina, racial profiling and mobility have all negative effects on earnings. Both low and high English ability interacting with education has a positive impact. Mobility's negative effect suggests further study of moving, which may be related to the Context of Reception.context of reception, immigration, Latinos, livelihood, racial profiling, vulnerability, Consumer/Household Economics,

Chapter 06: Household Socioeconomic Diversity and Coping Response to a Drought Year at San José Llanga

The first objective of work presented in this chapter was to examine if households at SJL indeed pursued different economic strategies. For example, would some households rely more on crops, livestock, wage labour or various mixtures of these enterprises, and why? The second objective was to determine how different economic strategies influenced household sustainability, namely the ability to generate wealth, be opportunistic and cope with drought. In particular, I was interested in the role of livestock (especially small ruminants), off-farm employment and income transfers in mitigating fluctuations in household income (Rosenzweig and Wolpin 1985; Kusterer 1989; Fafchamps 1992; Reardon et al 1992; Webb 1992; Fafchamps et al 1998). Households that rely on food crop production could be expected to suffer marked declines in income due to drought since crop yields would be reduced. Having livestock, wage labour, and/or options for income transfers would be important to maintain income and hence enhance food security in a drought year. A mix of enterprises, also referred to as a diversified portfolio, has been found important elsewhere in promoting food security and sustainability among peasant households in variable environments (Cotlear 1989; Kusterer 1989; von Braun et al 1989; Reardon et al 1992). Some researchers have found that as income increases the level of diversification decreases, especially with well-developed markets (von Braun et al 1989). Others have found diversification and income growth go hand-in-hand to fully utilize resources (Ellis 1993) and/or because markets are unreliable (Fafchamps 1992). In the southern Andean region of Peru diversification grew with commercialisation (Cotlear 1989).https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/sustaining_agropastoralism/1005/thumbnail.jp

Habitus and Interest in Agroforestry Practices in Missouri

This study analyzes the factors driving interest in two agroforestry practices, riparian buffers and forest farming. Because agroforestry is outside main stream commodity production in US agriculture, the purpose is to evaluate a framework to understand attitudes. The framework incorporates Pierre Bourdieu's notions of "habitus" and "field" along with individual economic and demographic characteristics of farm operators' traditionally used in adoption studies. Four attitudes are analyzed: disengagers, conservatives, lifestyle, and accumulators. A Logit regression measures the effects of respondents' attitudes, and other internal and external factors to assess interest in each practice. The data used is from a household survey of 364 farm-operators from the Fox Wyaconda watershed in northeast Missouri and Scott County in southeast Missouri gathered in 1999. Findings show that a conservative or a lifestyle attitude, are significant, with high probability of being interested in riparian buffers. Those with an accumulator or a lifestyle attitude have a significant and high probability of being interested in forest farming. Other variables also significant in riparian buffer interest are knowledge of agroforestry, and interest in alternative farming practices, and especially having perceptions of erosion problems. In forest farming, a high value of farm and assets has a negative effect, while belonging to informal groups has a positive effect pointing to characteristics that do not belong to traditional farmers.adoption, attitudes, forest farming, habitus, interest, riparian, Institutional and Behavioral Economics,

Migration To Rural Communities In The Midwest: Economic Wellbeing And Women At The Household Level

Migration patterns are changing from large metropolis to rural towns. Rather than temporary migration of male heads of households the patterns are now for families to migrate in various stages. Rural Missouri towns have attracted newcomers. Foreign born Hispanics in non metro Missouri have low income earnings, and education, mobility and being woman have a negative effect on income earnings, as regression results show. The livelihoods of rural newcomers are vulnerable, with low income, multiple adults working in the households and with limited English proficiency. This is consistent with the life stories of women in a small town near a meat processing plant in Missouri.Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics,

Recreational multifunctionality and its implications for agroforestry

Paper presented at the 11th North American Agroforesty Conference, which was held May 31-June 3, 2009 in Columbia, Missouri.In Gold, M.A. and M.M. Hall, eds. Agroforestry Comes of Age: Putting Science into Practice. Proceedings, 11th North American Agroforestry Conference, Columbia, Mo., May 31-June 3, 2009.Multifunctionality occurs when farms provide different services along with food production including recreation and agroforestry. Multifunctional farms simultaneously offer several services suggesting synergies among them that are not yet understood. This study aims to fill this gap, examining the relationships between recreational multifunctionality and agroforestry. In 2006, 353 randomly selected landowners from four Missouri counties were interviewed about their farm characteristics, recreational services and agroforestry perceptions. Statistical tests include cluster analysis followed by ANOVA and chi-square tests. Responding landowners are preponderantly middle age and male. The majority provide at least one recreational service and on average more than four. The most frequently provided services are hunting, gathering wild edibles and nature contemplation, showing a blend of consumptive/ extractive and non-consumptive recreational uses. Cluster analysis performed over the recreational services revealed two groups of recreational multifunctionals: Farming Lifestyle Landowners - FLL (n=122) and Rural Lifestyle Landowners - RLL (n=199). Both types of recreational multifunctionals differ in their engagement in agricultural production, types and amount of recreational services provided, socio-demographic and farming attributes. Overall, FLL are not as multifunctional and their farm has a production function. RLL are highly multifunctional and mainly non-farmers who appear to own a farm for non-extractive values. Clusters also differ in their understanding of agroforestry. RLL are more knowledgeable and interested in most agroforestry practices than FLL. Differences between groups on their awareness and perceptions of agroforestry suggest that different strategies should be applied to inform them about the values of agroforestry.Carla Barbieri (1) and Corinne Valdivia (2) ; 1 Dept. of Parks, Recreation & Tourism, University of Missouri, 105 Anheuser Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, MO 65211. 2. Dept. of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri, 214 D Mumford Hall, Columbia, MO 65211.Includes bibliographical references

Moving around to get by and try to get ahead : immigration experiences in new settlement communities of the Midwest

The study is part of a three-year project to understand how Latino immigrants get by and get ahead in three new settlement communities in the Midwestern United States. In the last decade, immigrants have spread out from their traditional settlement areas along the southwestern region, as well as Florida, New York, California, and Chicago. While migrant labor has long been an element of the rural agricultural economy, the increasing number of meat and poultry processing plants has attracted newcomers to rural, newsettlement communities, places which had not previously experienced an influx of foreign-born workers. Many of these newcomers are Latino, particularly of Mexican origin.Includes bibliographical references

Coping and Adapting to Increased Climate Variability in the Andes

This paper was prepared for presentation at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting in Montreal, Canada, on July 27-30, 2003.The negative impact of climate change may be reduced with mitigation strategies in developing countries. Some studies project that developing countries in the Tropics will be worse off than developed countries under different scenarios of global climate change, due to warmer climates, increased droughts and floods. Their populations are poorer, and therefore more vulnerable to climate stresses and shocks. Bolivia is an example: A country that experienced climate variability, political change and structural adjustment throughout the nineties. These forces have an effect on rural livelihood strategies. Canonical correlations identify the elements of strategies that impact on both income and diversity of the household portfolio. The ability of rural people to access resources, accumulate assets, and engage in certain activities allow some to adapt to variability in the short run, providing insights into characteristics or traits of technologies, markets, and policies that may contribute to long term adaptation

Sustaining Agropastoralism on the Bolivian Altiplano: The Case of San José Llanga

https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usufaculty_monographs/1051/thumbnail.jp

El efecto del clima político y social sobre los procesos de asentamiento e integración de las mujeres y hombres latinos en las comunidades rurales del medio oeste de los Estados Unidos

En los últimos veinte años el medio oeste de los Estados Unidos ha sido transformado, en especial en sus comunidades rurales, por la migración de latinos con oportunidades de trabajo en la industria procesadora de carnes, construcción, agricultura, y el sector servicos como hotelería. Para que estos cambios en comunidades que han sido homogéas en su composición étnica, contribuyan al desarrollo y bienestar de las comunidades y toda su población, es necesario entender los factores que contribuyen a la integración de los nuevos residents, para que todos en las comunidades. En esta presentación exploramos tres temas, las características de los migrantes, las diferencias en las experiencias de hombres y mujeres, y las percepciones sobre el contexto de acogida y la influencia de las fortalezas de las personas en sus procesos de aculturación.Includes bibliographical references