Identität und Verständigung als gesellschaftliche und pädagogische Herausforderung und Chance für den Religionsunterricht – am Beispiel des kooperativen Lernens

Wie können Kinder und Jugendliche im Religionsunterricht befähigt werden, unter den Bedingungen der religiösen und weltanschaulichen Pluralität eine eigene religiöse Identität aufzubauen und in eine dialogische Verständigung mit den anderen und fremden Religionen zu treten? Die Frage nach dem pädagogischen Umgang mit dem weltanschaulich-religiösen Pluralismus in einem zukunftsorientierten Religionsunterricht umschließt die Analyse der religiösen Sozialisation der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Das eigenständige und individuelle Konstruieren der religiösen Vorstellungen und christlichen Glaubensinhalte von Kindern und Jugendlichen hat zur Folge, dass die Religionslehrerinnen und –lehrer ihre Wahrnehmung des religiösen Bildungsprozesses verändern sollten. Am Beispiel des kooperativen Lernens wird aufgezeigt, wie der Religionsunterricht den Schülerinnen und Schüler eine eigene Begegnung mit Religion als Erfahrungsmodus von Individualität in Gebundenheit und Aktualität ermöglicht. <br

CCL18 as an indicator of pulmonary fibrotic activity in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and systemic sclerosis

Objective In diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, the evolution of pulmonary fibrosis is often devastating and may result in death. In this study the role of CCL18 as a biomarker of disease activity in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) with lung involvement was evaluated. Methods CCL18 was assessed in supernatants of cultured bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells as well as BAL fluid and serum samples from 43 patients with IIPs, 12 patients with SSc, and 23 healthy control subjects. Concentrations of CCL18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and expression of CCL18 was assessed by flow cytometry. Results CCL18 concentrations were statistically significantly increased in all patients with fibrotic lung diseases. Spontaneous CCL18 production by BAL cells was negatively correlated with total lung capacity and the diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, whereas there was a positive correlation of CCL18 concentrations with BAL neutrophil and eosinophil cell counts. Flow cytometry revealed an increase in the percentage of CCL18-positive alveolar macrophages and an increase in the CCL18 fluorescence intensity per cell in patients with fibrotic lung diseases. In a cohort of patients who were followed up for at least 6 months (n = 40), a close negative correlation was observed between changes in the predicted total lung capacity and changes in CCL18 serum concentrations. Conclusion These findings suggest that CCL18 production by BAL cells and serum CCL18 concentrations reflect pulmonary fibrotic activity in patients with IIPs and those with SSc. Monitoring changes in CCL18 production might be an extraordinarily useful tool in clinical practice and in studies aimed at evaluating new approaches for treatment of fibrotic lung diseases.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56037/1/22559_ftp.pd

Evaluation der Experimentierklausel nach § 6c SGB II - Vergleichende Evaluation des arbeitsmarktpolitischen Erfolgs der Modelle der Aufgabenwahrnehmung "Optierende Kommune" und "Arbeitsgemeinschaft"; Untersuchungsfeld 2: Implementations- und Governanceanalyse; Zwischenbericht Mai 2007 an das BMAS

Zwischenbericht 2007 der FH Frankfurt, Institut für Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung, und des Instituts für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft (infas) zur Implementations- und Governanceanalyse im Rahmen der Evalouation der Experimentierklausel nach § 6c SGB II. Die Implementations- und Governanceanalyse untersucht die Umsetzung der durch das SGB II definierten Leistungsprozesse anhand einer Stichprobe von 154 regionalen Einheiten aus allen Arbeitsgemeinschaften (ARGEn), zugelassenen kommunalen Trägern und Fällen getrennter Aufgabenwahrnehmung. Der Bericht analysiert im ersten Teil überregionale Governance-Strukturen (z. B. rechtliche und finanzielle Vorgaben, Zielvereinbarungen), die Auswirkungen auf die Leistungserbringung der SGB II-Einheiten haben. Im zweiten Teil werden die lokalen Steuerungs- und Organisationsstrukturen in den Formen der Aufgabenwahrnehmung untersucht und wird eine Typologie der Organisation des Leistungsprozesses entwickelt. Der dritte Teil beschäftigt sich mit der Ausgestaltung der Schnittstellen zwischen SGB II, SGB III und SGB VIII, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Eingliederungsleistungen für Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene sowie die Organisation der Arbeitsvermittlung

Endothelial ADAM10 controls cellular response to oxLDL and its deficiency exacerbates atherosclerosis with intraplaque hemorrhage and neovascularization in mice

IntroductionThe transmembrane protease A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) displays a “pattern regulatory function,” by cleaving a range of membrane-bound proteins. In endothelium, it regulates barrier function, leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis. Previously, we showed that ADAM10 is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques and associated with neovascularization. In this study, we aimed to determine the causal relevance of endothelial ADAM10 in murine atherosclerosis development in vivo.Methods and resultsEndothelial Adam10 deficiency (Adam10ecko) in Western-type diet (WTD) fed mice rendered atherogenic by adeno-associated virus-mediated PCSK9 overexpression showed markedly increased atherosclerotic lesion formation. Additionally, Adam10 deficiency was associated with an increased necrotic core and concomitant reduction in plaque macrophage content. Strikingly, while intraplaque hemorrhage and neovascularization are rarely observed in aortic roots of atherosclerotic mice after 12 weeks of WTD feeding, a majority of plaques in both brachiocephalic artery and aortic root of Adam10ecko mice contained these features, suggestive of major plaque destabilization. In vitro, ADAM10 knockdown in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) blunted the shedding of lectin-like oxidized LDL (oxLDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1) and increased endothelial inflammatory responses to oxLDL as witnessed by upregulated ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CCL5, and CXCL1 expression (which was diminished when LOX-1 was silenced) as well as activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. LOX-1 shedding appeared also reduced in vivo, as soluble LOX-1 levels in plasma of Adam10ecko mice was significantly reduced compared to wildtypes.DiscussionCollectively, these results demonstrate that endothelial ADAM10 is atheroprotective, most likely by limiting oxLDL-induced inflammation besides its known role in pathological neovascularization. Our findings create novel opportunities to develop therapeutics targeting atherosclerotic plaque progression and stability, but at the same time warrant caution when considering to use ADAM10 inhibitors for therapy in other diseases

A new classification of bronchial anastomosis after sleeve lobectomy

ObjectiveIschemia and infection of the distal part of the tracheobronchial anastomosis are the leading causes of bronchial anastomotic leakage with a high morbidity and mortality. To improve interpretation of healing of the anastomosis and the consequences, we have developed a classification scheme that allows quality control and defines early and standardized treatment of complications.Patients and MethodWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the records of 202 patients treated in our institution between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010 after sleeve lobectomy. All patients received prophylactic inhalation with tobramycin 80 mg twice a day. Neoadjuvant treatment was given in 21% of the patients. Routine bronchoscopy on day 7 was performed with classification of the anastomosis as follows: X, unknown; 1, healing well with no fibrin deposits; 2, focal fibrin deposits and superficial (mucosal) necrosis; 3, circular fibrin deposits, superficial (mucosal) necrosis, and/or ischemia of the distal mucosa; 4, transmural necrosis with instability of the anastomosis; and 5, perforation, necrosis of the anastomosis, and insufficiency.ResultsThe anastomosis was graded as satisfactory (1 and 2) in 86% of the patients. In 14%, it was regarded as critical (≥3-5) leading to systemic antibiotic treatment and control bronchoscopy. The overall 30-day mortality was 1%.ConclusionsQuality control of the tracheobronchial anastomosis comprised bronchoscopy performed before patients were dismissed. Inasmuch As postoperative bronchoscopy is not always performed by the operating surgeon, this classification is an aid to improve the description of endobronchial healing and to commence treatment of critical bronchial healing

Morbidity and mortality after neoadjuvant therapy and sleeve lobectomyin N2-disease

Background and objective Sleeve resections were introduced to preserve lung function in patients with limited pulmonary reserve. Increasing experience with sleeve resection has reduced the rate of pneumonectomy below 10%. The aim of the study was to assess the outcome after neoadjuvant chemo- or chemoradiotherapy and sleeve resection in patients with N2 non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Retrospective analysis of 41 patient records between 01.01.2005 and 31.12.2007 underwent induction therapy in N2-disease followed by tracheobronchial sleeve resection. These patients were compared to the overall results after sleeve resection in our institution. Data analysed were; length of chest tube drainage in days, length of hospital stay, complications, morbidity and hospital mortality. Results In 178 patients, an anatomical bronchoplastic resection was performed. Preoperative chemotherapy in N2-disease (n =42) was given in 30 patients and radiochemotherapy in 11 patients. The length of the operation was between 94 min-493 min (average 143 min). Chest tubes were removed on average after 5 days. Patients were discharged after 10 days. R0-resection was possible in 90%. The overall complication rate was 27% (11/41). The rate of bronchial anastomotic leakage was 9.7%(4/41). Two patients with postoperative respiratory insufficiency and mechanical ventilation, 1 patient with technical failure required early correction of the suture and one patient with a necrosis of the anastomosis. 30-day hospital mortality rate was 2.4% (1/41). Conclusion Sleeve resection after neoadjuvant therapy has a higher local morbidity (anastomotic insufficiency 9.7% vs 2.8%). This may be explained by the quality of the surrounding tissue after neoadjuvant therapy, which compromises healing of the anastomosis. However, the results are comparable to those without induction therapy interms of radicality, and 30-d mortality rate (P >0.05). We therefore believe that sleeve resection after neoadjuvant therapyshould be performed whenever possible to preserve functioning lung tissue