Can large language models democratize access to dual-use biotechnology?

Large language models (LLMs) such as those embedded in 'chatbots' are accelerating and democratizing research by providing comprehensible information and expertise from many different fields. However, these models may also confer easy access to dual-use technologies capable of inflicting great harm. To evaluate this risk, the 'Safeguarding the Future' course at MIT tasked non-scientist students with investigating whether LLM chatbots could be prompted to assist non-experts in causing a pandemic. In one hour, the chatbots suggested four potential pandemic pathogens, explained how they can be generated from synthetic DNA using reverse genetics, supplied the names of DNA synthesis companies unlikely to screen orders, identified detailed protocols and how to troubleshoot them, and recommended that anyone lacking the skills to perform reverse genetics engage a core facility or contract research organization. Collectively, these results suggest that LLMs will make pandemic-class agents widely accessible as soon as they are credibly identified, even to people with little or no laboratory training. Promising nonproliferation measures include pre-release evaluations of LLMs by third parties, curating training datasets to remove harmful concepts, and verifiably screening all DNA generated by synthesis providers or used by contract research organizations and robotic cloud laboratories to engineer organisms or viruses.Comment: 6 pages, 0 figure

A Return to Art Criticism : [Vol. 1, 2014-17]

"Since 2014, Momus has dedicated itself to the vital, uphill work of producing criticism in a mostly uncritical time. Now, this laureled and loved online publication is moving into print with a compendium of its best – and best-read – art writing to date. This first collection includes selections from Andrew Berardini, Aruna D’Souza, Saelan Twerdy, Tausif Noor, Sky Goodden, Mitch Speed, Casey Beal, Lauren Wetmore, Ulysses Castellanos, Rahel Aimia, Joseph Henry, Kaegan Sparks, Kimberlee Cordova, and Alison Hugill." -- Art Metropole's web site