Chronicles of Oklahoma

Article chronicles the life of Colonel Joe C. Miller. He cofounded the 101 Ranch with his brothers while being an adopted chief of the Ponca tribe and helping to mediate disputes between farmers

Law enforcement administration: setting the bar with formal education

Argues that increasing the educational requirements of police administrators will put them more on par with other professions

Women in the Book Trade in Revolutionary England: A Social Network Analysis

The role of women in the early modern book trade is a topic of increasing emphasis and discussion among scholars of the history of the book. Many scholars have compiled extensive bibliographic entries and conducted in-depth archival research of individual women, yet their sporadic appearance in the historical record has led to a less-than-full picture of the realities of the working book trade. The researcher has used social network analysis in an attempt to answer this question by positioning and analyzing the status of women within the total book trade network of Revolutionary England. Through statistical tests such as eigenvector centrality, betweenness centrality, and community detection, the researcher has identified specific communities and important women figures in the network, as well as hubs and connecting nodes—key figures in the network—that warrant further localized attention.Master of Science in Library Scienc

James Joyce's Ulysses: The Ephemerality of Style in "Oxen of the Sun"

In the “Oxen of the Sun” episode, Joyce’s manuscripts reveal a systematic appropriation from canonical texts to produce a profile of style as gestation. Focusing on his adaptations from Sir Thomas Malory in the construction of Mina Purefoy’s labor narrative, I will argue that Joyce presents style as a method of social construction. Previous scholarship has focused on systematically categorizing Joyce’s citational phrases, particularly of note being Robert Janusko’s excellent The Sources and Structures of ‘Oxen of the Sun,’ in which he argues that the Malory parody in the chapter contains, through “the power of the word,” the essence of Le Morte d’Arthur. Thus, Janusko refers to style as essential and concrete, where the physical word (containing both diction and grammatical structure) serve to present societal consciousness. However, Joyce’s conglomeration of literary styles, I will argue, serves to demonstrate the ephemerality of style, where the literary form and the written word are nothing more than garments that enclose, and often restrict, the essence of consciousness, i.e. belief and thought. For example, when the Malory parody describes medical instruments in terms of the fantastical and imaginary (dragons and dwarves and the like), Joyce shows the extent to which we exchange the garments of earlier texts with our own, appropriating not just the language but the ideas and thoughts, reconfiguring them to fit our own social contexts. This new historical approach, drawing on the recent NLI collection, as well as selections from the Buffalo Collection, the Rosenbach Manuscript, the British Notesheets, and the Joyce Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas in Austin, is imperative to an understanding of Joyce’s reception of these older texts and his play with the ephemerality of style

Resistance to simian immunodeficiency virus low dose rectal challenge is associated with higher constitutive TRIM5α expression in PBMC

Background: At least six host-encoded restriction factors (RFs), APOBEC3G, TRIM5α, tetherin, SAMHD1, schlafen 11, and Mx2 have now been shown to inhibit HIV and/or SIV replication in vitro. To determine their role in vivo in the resistance of macaques to mucosally-acquired SIV, we quantified both pre-exposure (basal) and post-exposure mRNA levels of these RFs, Mx1, and IFNγ in PBMC, lymph nodes, and duodenum of rhesus macaques undergoing weekly low dose rectal exposures to the primary isolate, SIV/DeltaB670. Results: Repetitive challenge divided the monkeys into two groups with respect to their susceptibility to infection: highly susceptible (2–3 challenges, 5 monkeys) and poorly susceptible (≥6 challenges, 3 monkeys). Basal RF and Mx1 expression varied among the three tissues examined, with the lowest expression generally detected in duodenal tissues, and the highest observed in PBMC. The one exception was A3G whose basal expression was greatest in lymph nodes. Importantly, significantly higher basal expression of TRIM5α and Mx1 was observed in PBMC of animals more resistant to mucosal infection. Moreover, individual TRIM5α levels were stable throughout a year prior to infection. Post-exposure induction of these genes was also observed after virus appearance in plasma, with elevated levels in PBMC and duodenum transiently occurring 7–10 days post infection. They did not appear to have an effect on control of viremia. Interestingly, minimal to no induction was observed in the resistant animal that became an elite controller. Conclusions: These results suggest that constitutively expressed TRIM5α appears to play a greater role in restricting mucosal transmission of SIV than that associated with type I interferon induction following virus entry. Surprisingly, this association was not observed with the other RFs. The higher basal expression of TRIM5α observed in PBMC than in duodenal tissues emphasizes the understated role of the second barrier to systemic infection involving the transport of virus from the mucosal compartment to the blood. Together, these observations provide a strong incentive for a more comprehensive examination of the intrinsic, variable control of constitutive expression of these genes in the sexual transmission of HIV

Toward a sustainable biomedical research enterprise: Finding consensus and implementing recommendations

The US research enterprise is under significant strain due to stagnant funding, an expanding workforce, and complex regulations that increase costs and slow the pace of research. In response, a number of groups have analyzed the problems and offered recommendations for resolving these issues. However, many of these recommendations lacked follow-up implementation, allowing the damage of stagnant funding and outdated policies to persist. Here, we analyze nine reports published since the beginning of 2012 and consolidate over 250 suggestions into eight consensus recommendations made by the majority of the reports. We then propose how to implement these consensus recommendations, and we identify critical issues, such as improving workforce diversity and stakeholder interactions, on which the community has yet to achieve consensus

Protection of rhesus macaques from SIV infection by immunization with different experimental SIV vaccines.

The immunogenicity and efficacy of an inactivated whole SIVmac (32H) preparation adjuvanted with muramyl dipeptide (SIV-MDP) and a gp120-enriched SIVmac (32H) ISCOM preparation (SIV-ISCOM), were compared by immunizing four rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) four times with SIV-MDP and four others in the same way with SIV-ISCOM. Two monkeys immunized with whole inactivated measles virus (MV) adjuvanted with MDP (MV-MDP) and two monkeys immunized with MV-ISCOM served as controls. In the SIV-ISCOM-immunized monkeys higher SIV-specific serum antibody titres were found than in the SIV-MDP-immunized monkeys. In contrast to the MV-immunized monkeys all SIV-MDP- and SIV-ISCOM-immunized monkeys were protected against intravenous challenge 2 weeks after the last immunization with 10 median monkey infectious doses (MID50) of a cell-free SIVmac (32H) challenge stock propagated in the human T-cell line C8166. After 43 weeks the protected monkeys were reboosted and 2 weeks later rechallenged with 10 MID50 of the same virus produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a rhesus macaque. None of these animals proved to be protected against this challenge. In a parallel experiment in which the same numbers of monkeys were immunized in the same way, the animal