Criminal Procedure: The Admissibility of a Criminal Defendant\u27s Hypnotically Refreshed Testimony - Rock v. Arkansas

This Note discusses the nature and history of hypnosis and supports the Rock Court\u27s holding as the correct approach. The procedural safeguards approach decreases risks associated with hypnosis that may adversely affect the reliability of a defendant\u27s subsequent testimony and protects a defendant\u27s constitutional right to testify in her own behalf. This approach allows a court to admit hypnotically enhanced testimony where there are indices that the testimony is reliable and advances our judicial system\u27s search for the truth

Exploration for volcanogenic sulphide mineralisation at Benglog, north Wales

Exploration for volcanogenic sulphide mineralisation around Benglog is one of three investigations designed to assess the metallogenic potential of the Ordovician Aran Volcanic Group. Detailed geological mapping in the Benglog area enabled an interpretation of the volcanic environment, critical to such an assessment, to be made. The eruptive rocks are acid and basic in composition; the acid rocks are mostly ash-flow tuffs derived from outside the area, whereas the basic rocks have a local derivation. They are all interbedded with dark grey or black silty mudstone and were probably erupted in a submarine environment. Contemporaneous dolerite sills were intruded into wet sediment. This environment was suitable for volcanogenic exhalative sulphide deposits to form and indications of a metallogenic horizon were found at the top of the Y Fron Formation in the form of abundant pyrite, minor pyrrhotite and minor base metal enrichment. Soil samples, analysed for copper, lead and zinc, were collected and geophysical surveys were carried out along eleven east-west trending traverse lines 300 m apart across the volcanic succession. Indications were found of minor vein mineralisation at dolerite intrusion margins and locally along faults. Very high chargeability and low resistivity anomalies over mudstones did not spatially coincide with geochemical anomalies in soil, but the secondary redistribution of metals in soils and variable thickness of overburden precluded confident interpretation of the source of many soil anomalies. Geochemical drainage data, in conjunction with rock analyses, show strong barium enrichment in mudstones which could be volcanogenic in origin but related to two separate eruptive episodes. The findings of the survey were inconclusive. An environment suitable for the formation of volcanogenic exhalative sulphide deposits was established, but the geochemical and geophysical surveys located only minor vein mineralisation and tenuous indications of other styles of mineralisation. Recommendations are made for further work

Partnership Instability and Child Wellbeing during the Transition to Elementary School

Data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,957) are used to examine partnership instability and children’s wellbeing during the transition to elementary school. We find that coresidential transitions are related to externalizing, attention, and social problems. Mothers’ mental health and use of harsh parenting partially mediate the associations between coresidential transitions and child outcomes at age five. The impact of coresidential transitions on externalizing, attention, and social problems is stronger for boys than girls. Also, non-coresidential transitions predict externalizing and attention problems for White children but not for Hispanic children. Finally, the association between coresidential transitions and verbal ability is stronger for children with highly educated mothers than for children of less educated mothers.

Application of solid-phase extraction for the analysis of drugs in biological matrices

Experimental mixed-mode solid-phase extraction columns of differing carbon number and carbon loading were investigated for the efficient extraction of drugs of abuse from biological matrices. Methadone and its two major metabolites (EDDP and EMDP) were chosen due to the increase in methadone drug-related deaths in the West of Scotland. Amphetamine and related compounds (methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methyleneidoxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA)) were chosen because of the prevalence of use of "speed" and "ecstasy" throughout the United Kingdom and the challenge these volatile drugs pose to the analyst. Improved methods were developed for the efficient extraction of methadone, EDDP and EMDP from whole blood and for amphetamine and related compounds from whole blood and hair. These methods were successfully applied to the analysis of postmortem samples. The stability of methadone, EDDP and EMDP in whole blood was investigated using the developed extraction method after sorting at various temperatures for a period of six months. Methadone remained stable in blood after six months. This was confirmed by the analysis of postmortem cases samples which when re-analysed within six months of the initial analysis, correlated well. Postmortem hair samples proved useful for determining antecedent drug use history whether extracted by solid-phase extraction or after screening with a Cohort enzyme immunoassay kit, adapted for hair analysis. Solid-phase extraction provides a clean and efficient means of extracting drugs of abuse from whole blood and hair. Simple manipulation of the extraction system (sample pretreatment, pH, derivatisation) provides a versatile alternative to lengthy liquid-liquid extraction techniques and has the added potential of automation

An Evaluation of Mixed-Mode Solid-Phase Extraction Columns for the Recovery of Basic Drugs From Whole Blood

A review of the methods currently used for the extraction and analysis of basic drugs from biological matrices has been carried out. The aims of this project were to develop a method for the extraction of basic drugs from whole blood using solid- phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC- FID)

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation

The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is an activity of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project. This paper is a component of the report, focusing on the present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation. Utilizing the TOAR surface ozone database, several figures present the global distribution and trends of daytime average ozone at 2702 non-urban monitoring sites, highlighting the regions and seasons of the world with the greatest ozone levels. Similarly, ozonesonde and commercial aircraft observations reveal ozone’s distribution throughout the depth of the free troposphere. Long-term surface observations are limited in their global spatial coverage, but data from remote locations indicate that ozone in the 21st century is greater than during the 1970s and 1980s. While some remote sites and many sites in the heavily polluted regions of East Asia show ozone increases since 2000, many others show decreases and there is no clear global pattern for surface ozone changes since 2000. Two new satellite products provide detailed views of ozone in the lower troposphere across East Asia and Europe, revealing the full spatial extent of the spring and summer ozone enhancements across eastern China that cannot be assessed from limited surface observations. Sufficient data are now available (ozonesondes, satellite, aircraft) across the tropics from South America eastwards to the western Pacific Ocean, to indicate a likely tropospheric column ozone increase since the 1990s. The 2014–2016 mean tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) between 60°N–60°S from five satellite products is 300 Tg ± 4%. While this agreement is excellent, the products differ in their quantification of TOB trends and further work is required to reconcile the differences. Satellites can now estimate ozone’s global long-wave radiative effect, but evaluation is difficult due to limited in situ observations where the radiative effect is greatest.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Closing the Food Gap in Adams County: A Proposal for Comprehensive Solutions through Community Action

Today, in Adams County, we have two food systems. The 20% who live in poverty survive on food stamps, the food pantry, church donations, and trips to discount food vendors. Those with more financial stability could choose from an abundance of healthy, sustainably produced, local and international foods. We have come to accept these two food systems as the norm without critically analyzing how it is affecting individuals and the health of our communities. In addition to reducing the disparity and closing the food gap, this initiative is focused on building our local economy and educating our community about nutrition and the benefit of local foods in order to promote a more sustainable social, environmental and economic future. This paper begins an investigation of community food security in Adams County and makes recommendations to start the process of finding stronger community solutions. The data represented here is drawn from community discussions and programmatic statistics. It is an initial assessment to be followed up by a more comprehensive study and analysis

Self-Rated Physical Attractiveness, Attractiveness Standards, and Expectation Deviations in Romantic Partners Among Non-Married University Students

This study surveyed unmarried, randomly selected university students to discover how they rated themselves regarding physical attractiveness, what range of attractiveness they would consider in a romantic partner, and what would cause them to deviate from this range. The results showed that the most frequently chosen rating for self-attractiveness was a 7 (on a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the most attractive) for both men and women. A t-test showed that men had a slightly higher mean of rating than women in their own level of attractiveness, though these results were not statistically significant. When asked for a range of attractiveness that respondents were willing to consider in a dating partner, the most frequently chosen number for the lowest level was 7. For the highest level of attractiveness in their range, about half of the participants selected 10. A t-test revealed that women had a slightly lower mean for the low end of the range of attractiveness they were willing to accept in a dating partner than males, which was statistically significant. Another t-test, though not statistically significant, revealed that men had a slightly higher mean in the high range of attractiveness they were willing to accept in a dating partner than women. Perhaps the most interesting finding was that not only were both genders willing to deviate from their standard of attractiveness in a dating partner (given the right circumstances), but women were much more likely to deviate than men

Self-Rated Physical Attractiveness, Attractiveness Standards, and Expectation Deviations in Romantic Partners Among Non-Married University Students

This study surveyed unmarried, randomly selected university students to discover how they rated themselves regarding physical attractiveness, what range of attractiveness they would consider in a romantic partner, and what would cause them to deviate from this range. The results showed that the most frequently chosen rating for self-attractiveness was a 7 (on a scale of 1-10 with 10 being the most attractive) for both men and women. A t-test showed that men had a slightly higher mean of rating than women in their own level of attractiveness, though these results were not statistically significant. When asked for a range of attractiveness that respondents were willing to consider in a dating partner, the most frequently chosen number for the lowest level was 7. For the highest level of attractiveness in their range, about half of the participants selected 10. A t-test revealed that women had a slightly lower mean for the low end of the range of attractiveness they were willing to accept in a dating partner than males, which was statistically significant. Another t-test, though not statistically significant, revealed that men had a slightly higher mean in the high range of attractiveness they were willing to accept in a dating partner than women. Perhaps the most interesting finding was that not only were both genders willing to deviate from their standard of attractiveness in a dating partner (given the right circumstances), but women were much more likely to deviate than men