African-American Business Ownership: Strength In Numbers, But Where?

Federal and state governments have seen fit to create enterprise and empowerment zones which benefit community redevelopment.  Are these areas good for minority businesses?  Data from Broward County, Florida show that African-American owned businesses tend to be in ethnic communities.  They also tend to be in enterprise zones moreso than the other groups, and less likely than women-owned businesses to be in industry clusters.  The findings, if replicated in other diverse urban communities, have implications for potential minority business owners.  Future research should address whether the differences in location patterns are related to business success

Gandel Holocaust Knowledge and Awareness in Australia Survey

The Gandel Holocaust Knowledge and Awareness in Australia Survey (GHKAS/Gandel Holocaust Survey) is Australia's first comprehensive national survey of Holocaust knowledge and awareness.The Survey was commissioned by the Gandel Foundation, one of Australia's largest independent family philanthropic funds, and undertaken by a team of expert researchers from Deakin University. Researchers utilised the ANU's Social Research Centre for data collection, using their Life in Australia online probability panel, and were also supported by the Advisory Group comprising a Holocaust survivor and representatives from Yad Vashem, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Sydney Jewish Museum, Melbourne Holocaust Museum, Executive Council of Australian Jewry and a teacher who is an alum of the Gandel Holocaust Studies Program for Australian Educators.There were more than 70 questions posed in the Survey with 3,522 people across all Australian states and territories submitting responses, making it the largest survey of its type ever undertaken. The sample matches key demographic parameters of the Australian population including age, gender, education, geographic location. Maximum margin of error to apply to this survey is +/-2%.A key objective of the Gandel Holocaust Survey was to understand not just how much Australians know factually about the Holocaust (Holocaust knowledge), but also how aware they are of the catastrophe and its enduring impact and lessons it holds. This was considered to be "Holocaust awareness" or acknowledging the true scale of the Holocaust and caring about Holocaust education

Community museums and the creation of a ‘sense of place’: Holocaust Museums in Australia

Community museums have traditionally focused on a particular geographical location. This proximity between museums and the focus of their collection give them a unique opportunity to make connections between objects, the museum building, landscape, and community. These linkages are one of the key strengths of local museums due to their potential to tell inclusive stories of people and place. Australian Holocaust museums are displaced from this geographical proximity and situated at great distance from the events they commemorate. Due to the intense involvement of survivors in their inception and development, however, such museums have been driven, indeed, defined by communal imperatives. This paper examines the connections between community and place constructed through these museums. Further, it asks how community, place and the local are defined, and how and in what way the community museums examined make connections between here and there, then and now.This paper takes as its focus two Holocaust museums in Australia: the Jewish Holocaust Centre in Melbourne and the Sydney Jewish Museum. After briefly exploring the origins of the respective institutions and the motivations of those involved, the paper discusses how the museums construct ideas of community and place, focusing particularly on the complex imaginative geography that creates intimate, emotional connections between different times and places

Interactions between Plasmodium falciparum skeleton-binding protein 1 and the membrane skeleton of malaria-infected red blood cells

During development inside red blood cells (RBCs), Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites export proteins that associate with the RBC membrane skeleton. These interactions cause profound changes to the biophysical properties of RBCs that underpin the often severe and fatal clinical manifestations of falciparum malaria. P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is one such exported parasite protein that plays a major role in malaria pathogenesis since its exposure on the parasitised RBC surface mediates their adhesion to vascular endothelium and placental syncytioblasts. En route to the RBC membrane skeleton, PfEMP1 transiently associates with Maurer\u27s clefts (MCs), parasite-derived membranous structures in the RBC cytoplasm. We have previously shown that a resident MC protein, skeleton-binding protein 1 (SBP1), is essential for the placement of PfEMP1 onto the RBC surface and hypothesised that the function of SBP1 may be to target MCs to the RBC membrane. Since this would require additional protein interactions, we set out to identify binding partners for SBP1. Using a combination of approaches, we have defined the region of SBP1 that binds specifically to defined sub-domains of two major components of the RBC membrane skeleton, protein 4.1R and spectrin. We show that these interactions serve as one mechanism to anchor MCs to the RBC membrane skeleton, however, while they appear to be necessary, they are not sufficient for the translocation of PfEMP1 onto the RBC surface. The N-terminal domain of SBP1 that resides within the lumen of MCs clearly plays an essential, but presently unknown role in this process

TNF-Receptor Inhibitor Therapy for the Treatment of Children with Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome. A Joint Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Consortium and Children's Oncology Group Study (ASCT0521)

AbstractIdiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is an acute, noninfectious lung disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Previous studies have suggested a role for TNFα in the pathogenesis of IPS. We report a multicenter phase II trial investigating a soluble TNF-binding protein, etanercept (Enbrel, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA), for the treatment of pediatric patients with IPS. Eligible patients were < 18 years old, within 120 days after transplantation, and with radiographic evidence of a diffuse pneumonitis. All patients underwent a pretherapy broncho-alveolor lavage (BAL) to establish the diagnosis of IPS. Systemic corticosteroids (2.0 mg/kg/day) plus etanercept (.4 mg/kg twice weekly × 8 doses) were administered. Response was defined as survival and discontinuation of supplemental oxygen support by day 28 of study. Thirty-nine patients (median age, 11 years; range, 1 to 17) were enrolled, with 11 of 39 patients nonevaluable because of identification of pathogens from their pretherapy BAL. In the remaining 28 patients, the median fraction of inspired oxygen at study entry was 45%, with 17 of 28 requiring mechanical ventilation. Complete responses were seen in 20 (71%) patients, with a median time to response of 10 days (range, 1 to 24). Response rates were higher for patients not requiring mechanical ventilation at study entry (100% versus 53%, P = .01). Overall survival at 28 days and 1 year after therapy were 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70% to 96%) and 63% (95% CI, 42% to 79%), respectively. Plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased at onset of therapy, subsequently decreasing in responding patients. The addition of etanercept to high-dose corticosteroids was associated with high response rates and survival in children with IPS

Report on biodiversity and related concepts perceptions. Delivrable number: D1.1

• This report provides insight into the biodiversity discourse by biodiversityrelevant actor groups in Europe • The absence of a common understanding of biodiversity allows actor groups to choose rhetoric strategically • Biodiversity discourse is used strategically to persuade, gather custom or support, or justify action or inaction • Anthropocentric values are mostly used when arguing both for and against biodiversity conservation • The biodiversity discourse is dominated by rhetoric of warning, persuading, calling for action, accusing, and informing • The rhetoric used in biodiversity discourse differs between countries • Knowledge of societal discourses are valuable to tailor interventions to promote biodiversity, such as those in PLANET4B case studie