2,281 research outputs found
AGROINDUSTRIALIZATION IN EMERGING MARKETS: OVERVIEW AND STRATEGIC CONTEXT
This article offers an overview for a special issue on agroindustrialization. It reviews eleven articles analyzing the agroindustrialization process in Latin America and Asia. It sets out a conceptual framework from the organizational economics and strategic management literature to enhance the understanding of the process of agroindustrialization from a competitive strategy point of view.Agribusiness, Industrial Organization,
Exotic Meson Decay Widths using Lattice QCD
A decay width calculation for a hybrid exotic meson h, with JPC=1-+, is
presented for the channel h->pi+a1. This quenched lattice QCD simulation
employs Luescher's finite box method. Operators coupling to the h and pi+a1
states are used at various levels of smearing and fuzzing, and at four quark
masses. Eigenvalues of the corresponding correlation matrices yield energy
spectra that determine scattering phase shifts for a discrete set of relative
pi+a1 momenta. Although the phase shift data is sparse, fits to a Breit-Wigner
model are attempted, resulting in a decay width of about 60 MeV when averaged
over two lattice sizes.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, RevTex4, minor change to Fig.
Sharing the Burden: Monetary and Fiscal Responses to a World Liquidity Trap
With integrated trade and financial markets, a collapse in aggregate demand in a large country can cause ‘natural real interest rates’ to fall below zero in all countries, giving rise to a global ‘liquidity trap’. This paper explores the policy choices that maximize the joint welfare of all countries following such a shock, when governments cooperate on both fiscal and monetary policy. Adjusting to a large negative demand shock requires raising world aggregate demand, as well as redirecting demand towards the source (home) country. The key feature of demand shocks in a liquidity trap is that relative prices respond perversely. A negative shock causes an appreciation of the home terms of trade, exacerbating the slump in the home country. At the zero bound, the home country cannot counter this shock. Because of this, it may be optimal for the foreign policy-maker to raise interest rates. Strikingly, the foreign country may choose to have a positive policy interest rate, even though its ‘natural real interest rate’ is below zero. A combination of relatively tight monetary policy in the foreign country combined with substantial fiscal expansion in the home country achieves the level and composition of world expenditure that maximizes the joint welfare of the home and foreign country. Thus, in response to conditions generating a global liquidity trap, there is a critical mutual interaction between monetary and fiscal policy.
The Interface between Intellectual Property Law and Competition Law in the North American Context
intellectual property and competition law in North Americ
High-accuracy comparison of numerical relativity simulations with post-Newtonian expansions
Numerical simulations of 15 orbits of an equal-mass binary black hole system
are presented. Gravitational waveforms from these simulations, covering more
than 30 cycles and ending about 1.5 cycles before merger, are compared with
those from quasi-circular zero-spin post-Newtonian (PN) formulae. The
cumulative phase uncertainty of these comparisons is about 0.05 radians,
dominated by effects arising from the small residual spins of the black holes
and the small residual orbital eccentricity in the simulations. Matching
numerical results to PN waveforms early in the run yields excellent agreement
(within 0.05 radians) over the first cycles, thus validating the
numerical simulation and establishing a regime where PN theory is accurate. In
the last 15 cycles to merger, however, {\em generic} time-domain Taylor
approximants build up phase differences of several radians. But, apparently by
coincidence, one specific post-Newtonian approximant, TaylorT4 at 3.5PN order,
agrees much better with the numerical simulations, with accumulated phase
differences of less than 0.05 radians over the 30-cycle waveform.
Gravitational-wave amplitude comparisons are also done between numerical
simulations and post-Newtonian, and the agreement depends on the post-Newtonian
order of the amplitude expansion: the amplitude difference is about 6--7% for
zeroth order and becomes smaller for increasing order. A newly derived 3.0PN
amplitude correction improves agreement significantly ( amplitude
difference throughout most of the run, increasing to 4% near merger) over the
previously known 2.5PN amplitude terms.Comment: Updated to agree with published version (various minor
clarifications; added description of AH finder in Sec IIB; added discussion
of tidal heating in Sec VC
Global vs. Local Liquidity Traps
This paper examines demand spillovers in a two country open economy
model to a demand shock newline (emanating from a single,
source country) sufficiently large to push one or both countries into
a liquidity trap. The zero lower bound on nominal interest rates
keeps the central bank in the source country from fully adjusting
monetary policy. We describe a two country New Keynesian model
with sufficient home bias so as to exclude symmetric movements in
response to demand shocks. We study conditions under which a
liquidity trap in one country might spillover to a trading partner. We
study, under which conditions, a liquidity trap in one country will
lead to a liquidity trap in another country. We also show conditions
under which a liquidity trap in another country can spillover into an
output expansion in a trading partner.Devereux thanks SSHRC,
the Bank of Canada, and the Royal Bank of Canada for financial support. Cook
thanks the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (UST08/09 640908)
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