Responsabilidade social e desafios da gestão do esporte no século XXI. Ecologia, sustentabilidade, controvérsias culturais e economia compartilhada no esporte

The article reviews the literature on the social challenges of modern sport. Particular attention was focused on the links between sport and ecology and the problems of sport promotion among children, women and the elderly. The problem of abuse of children and animals in traditional sporting events was also presented. The article ends with a presentation of the phenomenon of sharing economy in relation to sport and Olympic Games. References 1 Ross W, Leopkey R. The adoption and evolution of environmental practices in the Olympic Games. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2017; 22(1): 1-18. 2 Cantelon H, Letters M. The making of the IOC environmental policy as a third dimension of the Olympic Movement. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2000; 35(3): 294-308. 3 Trendafilova S, McCullogh B, Phafl M, Nguyen S, Casper J, Picariello M. Environmental sustainability in sport: Current state and future trends. Global Journal of Advances in Pure & Applied Sciences. 2014; 3: 9-14. 4 Chappelet JL. Olympic environmental concerns as a legacy of the Winter Games. The International Journal of the History of Sport.  2008; 25(14): 1884-1902. 5 Kowalczyk M. An Interview with Nina Witoszek: Deep ecology, ecomodernism and norwegian understanding of nature in the context of physical culture [Interview]. Folia Turistica. 2018; 49: 343-357. 6 Joseph J. A diaspora approach for sport tourism. Journal of Sport and Social Issues.  2011; 35(2): 146-167. 7 Pfister G. Islam and women's sports. SangSaeng: Living together, helping each other. 2006;(16):12-15. 8 Russell K, O’Connor N, Dashper K, Fletcher T. Sports mega events and Islam: An introduction. In: Dashper K, Fletcher T, McCullogh N. (eds.). Sports events, society and culture. London: Routledge; 2014. 9 Cire B. World’s older population grows dramatically. National Institute on Aging. 2016 [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/worlds-older-population-grows-dramatically. 10 Brunet A, Berger S. Epigenetics of aging and aging-related disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69 (Suppl 1): S17-20 11 Gray A. Population ageing and healthcare expenditure. Aging Horizons. 2005; 2: 15–20. 12 Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence.  Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2006; 174(6): 801–809. 13 Reuter I. Aging, physical activity, and disease prevention. Journal of Aging Research. 2012; Article ID 373294: 1-4. 14 Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology. 2012; 2(2): 1143–1211. 15 WHO. World Health Organization. 2011 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/leaflet-physical-activity-recommendations.pdf. 16 Robertson MC, Devlin N, Gardner MM, Campbell AJ. Effectiveness and economic evaluation of a nurse delivered home exercise programme to prevent falls. 1: Randomised controlled trial.?BMJ Clinical Research. 2001; 322(7288): 697-701. 17 Gale CR, Westbury L, Cooper C. Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for the progression of frailty: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Age Ageing. 2018; 47(3): 392-397. 18 Perissinotto CM, Stijacic Cenzer I, Covinsky KE. Loneliness in older persons:           A predictor of functional decline and death. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172(14): 1078–1084. 19 Council of Europe. The European Charter. 2012 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&from=EN. 20 Jenkin CR, Eime RM, Westerbeek H, O'Sullivan G, van Uffelen J. Sport and ageing: a systematic review of the determinants and trends of participation in sport for older adults. BMC public health. 2017; 17(1): 976. 21 Pons van Dijk G, Leffers P, Lodder J. The effectiveness of hard martial arts in people over forty: An attempted systematic review. Societies. 2014; 4(2): 161–179. 22 Schor T. Debating the Sharing Economy. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics. 2016; 4(3): 7-22. 23 Zimbalist A. Circus maximus: The economic gamble behind hosting the Olympics and the World Cup. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 2016. 24 International Olympic Committee (IOC). Olympic Agenda 2020: 20 + 20 Recommendations [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Lausanne: IOC; 2014. Available from https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic_Agenda_2020/Olympic_Agenda_2020-20-20_Recommendations-ENG.pdf. 25 Greenwell M. Here's an idea: Hold the Olympics in multiple cities at once. 2016 Feb 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.wired.com/2016/08/olympic-cities-everywhere/. 26 Ludacer R. No one wants to host the Olympics anymore — will they go away? [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.businessinsider.com/future-olympics-no-country-wants-to-host-games-2018-2?IR=T. 27 Airbnb. Olympics Recap: Rio Hosts Champion Hospitality. 2016 Mar 3 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/olympics-recap-rio-hosts-champion-hospitality/. 28 Golden J, Stern K. Airbnb winning in Rio, even in poorest neighborhoods. 2016 Aug 10 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/08/10/airbnb-winning-in-rio-even-in-poorest-neighborhoods.html. 29 Airbnb. Winter Olympics Recap. 2018 Mar 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/en-ap/winter-olympics-recap/.El artículo revisa la literatura sobre los desafíos sociales del deporte moderno. Se prestó especial atención a la relación entre el deporte y la ecología y los problemas de promoción deportiva entre niños, mujeres y ancianos. También se presentó el problema del abuso infantil y animal en los eventos deportivos tradicionales. El artículo termina con una presentación del fenómeno de compartir la economía en relación con el deporte y los Juegos Olímpicos. Referencias 1 Ross W, Leopkey R. The adoption and evolution of environmental practices in the Olympic Games. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2017; 22(1): 1-18. 2 Cantelon H, Letters M. The making of the IOC environmental policy as a third dimension of the Olympic Movement. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2000; 35(3): 294-308. 3 Trendafilova S, McCullogh B, Phafl M, Nguyen S, Casper J, Picariello M. Environmental sustainability in sport: Current state and future trends. Global Journal of Advances in Pure & Applied Sciences. 2014; 3: 9-14. 4 Chappelet JL. Olympic environmental concerns as a legacy of the Winter Games. The International Journal of the History of Sport.  2008; 25(14): 1884-1902. 5 Kowalczyk M. An Interview with Nina Witoszek: Deep ecology, ecomodernism and norwegian understanding of nature in the context of physical culture [Interview]. Folia Turistica. 2018; 49: 343-357. 6 Joseph J. A diaspora approach for sport tourism. Journal of Sport and Social Issues.  2011; 35(2): 146-167. 7 Pfister G. Islam and women's sports. SangSaeng: Living together, helping each other. 2006;(16):12-15. 8 Russell K, O’Connor N, Dashper K, Fletcher T. Sports mega events and Islam: An introduction. In: Dashper K, Fletcher T, McCullogh N. (eds.). Sports events, society and culture. London: Routledge; 2014. 9 Cire B. World’s older population grows dramatically. National Institute on Aging. 2016 [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/worlds-older-population-grows-dramatically. 10 Brunet A, Berger S. Epigenetics of aging and aging-related disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69 (Suppl 1): S17-20 11 Gray A. Population ageing and healthcare expenditure. Aging Horizons. 2005; 2: 15–20. 12 Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence.  Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2006; 174(6): 801–809. 13 Reuter I. Aging, physical activity, and disease prevention. Journal of Aging Research. 2012; Article ID 373294: 1-4. 14 Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology. 2012; 2(2): 1143–1211. 15 WHO. World Health Organization. 2011 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/leaflet-physical-activity-recommendations.pdf. 16 Robertson MC, Devlin N, Gardner MM, Campbell AJ. Effectiveness and economic evaluation of a nurse delivered home exercise programme to prevent falls. 1: Randomised controlled trial.?BMJ Clinical Research. 2001; 322(7288): 697-701. 17 Gale CR, Westbury L, Cooper C. Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for the progression of frailty: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Age Ageing. 2018; 47(3): 392-397. 18 Perissinotto CM, Stijacic Cenzer I, Covinsky KE. Loneliness in older persons:           A predictor of functional decline and death. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172(14): 1078–1084. 19 Council of Europe. The European Charter. 2012 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&from=EN. 20 Jenkin CR, Eime RM, Westerbeek H, O'Sullivan G, van Uffelen J. Sport and ageing: a systematic review of the determinants and trends of participation in sport for older adults. BMC public health. 2017; 17(1): 976. 21 Pons van Dijk G, Leffers P, Lodder J. The effectiveness of hard martial arts in people over forty: An attempted systematic review. Societies. 2014; 4(2): 161–179. 22 Schor T. Debating the Sharing Economy. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics. 2016; 4(3): 7-22. 23 Zimbalist A. Circus maximus: The economic gamble behind hosting the Olympics and the World Cup. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 2016. 24 International Olympic Committee (IOC). Olympic Agenda 2020: 20 + 20 Recommendations [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Lausanne: IOC; 2014. Available from https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic_Agenda_2020/Olympic_Agenda_2020-20-20_Recommendations-ENG.pdf. 25 Greenwell M. Here's an idea: Hold the Olympics in multiple cities at once. 2016 Feb 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.wired.com/2016/08/olympic-cities-everywhere/. 26 Ludacer R. No one wants to host the Olympics anymore — will they go away? [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.businessinsider.com/future-olympics-no-country-wants-to-host-games-2018-2?IR=T. 27 Airbnb. Olympics Recap: Rio Hosts Champion Hospitality. 2016 Mar 3 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/olympics-recap-rio-hosts-champion-hospitality/. 28 Golden J, Stern K. Airbnb winning in Rio, even in poorest neighborhoods. 2016 Aug 10 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/08/10/airbnb-winning-in-rio-even-in-poorest-neighborhoods.html. 29 Airbnb. Winter Olympics Recap. 2018 Mar 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/en-ap/winter-olympics-recap/.O artigo revisa a literatura sobre os desafios sociais do esporte moderno. Particular atenção foi voltada para as relações entre esporte e ecologia e os problemas de promoção do esporte entre crianças, mulheres e idosos. O problema do abuso de crianças e animais em eventos esportivos tradicionais também foi apresentado. O artigo termina com uma apresentação do fenômeno do compartilhamento da economia em relação ao esporte e aos Jogos Olímpicos. Referências 1 Ross W, Leopkey R. The adoption and evolution of environmental practices in the Olympic Games. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2017; 22(1): 1-18. 2 Cantelon H, Letters M. The making of the IOC environmental policy as a third dimension of the Olympic Movement. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2000; 35(3): 294-308. 3 Trendafilova S, McCullogh B, Phafl M, Nguyen S, Casper J, Picariello M. Environmental sustainability in sport: Current state and future trends. Global Journal of Advances in Pure & Applied Sciences. 2014; 3: 9-14. 4 Chappelet JL. Olympic environmental concerns as a legacy of the Winter Games. The International Journal of the History of Sport.  2008; 25(14): 1884-1902. 5 Kowalczyk M. An Interview with Nina Witoszek: Deep ecology, ecomodernism and norwegian understanding of nature in the context of physical culture [Interview]. Folia Turistica. 2018; 49: 343-357. 6 Joseph J. A diaspora approach for sport tourism. Journal of Sport and Social Issues.  2011; 35(2): 146-167. 7 Pfister G. Islam and women's sports. SangSaeng: Living together, helping each other. 2006;(16):12-15. 8 Russell K, O’Connor N, Dashper K, Fletcher T. Sports mega events and Islam: An introduction. In: Dashper K, Fletcher T, McCullogh N. (eds.). Sports events, society and culture. London: Routledge; 2014. 9 Cire B. World’s older population grows dramatically. National Institute on Aging. 2016 [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/worlds-older-population-grows-dramatically. 10 Brunet A, Berger S. Epigenetics of aging and aging-related disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69 (Suppl 1): S17-20 11 Gray A. Population ageing and healthcare expenditure. Aging Horizons. 2005; 2: 15–20. 12 Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence.  Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2006; 174(6): 801–809. 13 Reuter I. Aging, physical activity, and disease prevention. Journal of Aging Research. 2012; Article ID 373294: 1-4. 14 Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology. 2012; 2(2): 1143–1211. 15 WHO. World Health Organization. 2011 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/leaflet-physical-activity-recommendations.pdf. 16 Robertson MC, Devlin N, Gardner MM, Campbell AJ. Effectiveness and economic evaluation of a nurse delivered home exercise programme to prevent falls. 1: Randomised controlled trial.?BMJ Clinical Research. 2001; 322(7288): 697-701. 17 Gale CR, Westbury L, Cooper C. Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for the progression of frailty: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Age Ageing. 2018; 47(3): 392-397. 18 Perissinotto CM, Stijacic Cenzer I, Covinsky KE. Loneliness in older persons:           A predictor of functional decline and death. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172(14): 1078–1084. 19 Council of Europe. The European Charter. 2012 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&from=EN. 20 Jenkin CR, Eime RM, Westerbeek H, O'Sullivan G, van Uffelen J. Sport and ageing: a systematic review of the determinants and trends of participation in sport for older adults. BMC public health. 2017; 17(1): 976. 21 Pons van Dijk G, Leffers P, Lodder J. The effectiveness of hard martial arts in people over forty: An attempted systematic review. Societies. 2014; 4(2): 161–179. 22 Schor T. Debating the Sharing Economy. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics. 2016; 4(3): 7-22. 23 Zimbalist A. Circus maximus: The economic gamble behind hosting the Olympics and the World Cup. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 2016. 24 International Olympic Committee (IOC). Olympic Agenda 2020: 20 + 20 Recommendations [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Lausanne: IOC; 2014. Available from https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic_Agenda_2020/Olympic_Agenda_2020-20-20_Recommendations-ENG.pdf. 25 Greenwell M. Here's an idea: Hold the Olympics in multiple cities at once. 2016 Feb 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.wired.com/2016/08/olympic-cities-everywhere/. 26 Ludacer R. No one wants to host the Olympics anymore — will they go away? [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.businessinsider.com/future-olympics-no-country-wants-to-host-games-2018-2?IR=T. 27 Airbnb. Olympics Recap: Rio Hosts Champion Hospitality. 2016 Mar 3 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/olympics-recap-rio-hosts-champion-hospitality/. 28 Golden J, Stern K. Airbnb winning in Rio, even in poorest neighborhoods. 2016 Aug 10 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/08/10/airbnb-winning-in-rio-even-in-poorest-neighborhoods.html. 29 Airbnb. Winter Olympics Recap. 2018 Mar 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/en-ap/winter-olympics-recap/

Improving Physical Activity and Health of Older People Involved in a Social Farming Regional Preventative Multidimensional Programme in Italy

Physical exercise and social activities play a role of primary importance in the prevention of diseases and in maintaining functional abilities in old age, nevertheless, maintaining a regular habit of exercise is considered a challenge during the aging process. Motivation to start and maintain physical activity is an essential factor. In the case of older people, promoting exercise by means of activities intrinsically pleasurable is preferable to physical activity programs based on health improvements. From this perspective, our study is aimed to understand if preventative interventions combining physical activity, self-efficacy, and social participation in the context of a natural environment might be of help in increasing the level of physical activity. The sample was composed of 95 subjects, of which 40 were excluded because declared to be already engaged in regular physical activity at baseline. Considering the final sample of 55 subjects with low or no physical activity at baseline, 21 subjects (38.2%) improved the intensity of their physical activity at follow-up. They were younger (52.4% with age >=70 vs 82.4; p=0.017), mostly women (85.7% vs 58.8%; p = 0.036), and had a higher balance test score with respect to the others (3.6 ± 0.7 vs 2.8 ± 1.0; p=0.005). Results should be able to strengthen the concept that having a good level of physical conditions, such as good balance, facilitates the path for greater physical improvements and better quality of life among older adults. Balance issues may be cause of fear of falling and psychological difficulties which may have limited the effects of the programme

Pilgrimage: Intrinsic Motivation and Active Behavior in the Eldery

Can intrinsic religious motivation have relevant effects on the motor activity of older people? How are processions and pilgrimages related to the dominant imagination of old age as a period of fatigue and gray hair, suffering and loneliness, retirement and rest – and of waiting: waiting for a call from a loved one, waiting for the visit of a good companion, or, finally, expecting the end of life

Karate: Emotions and Movement Anticipation

Introduction The following paper is a case study developed to investigate the possible relationship between mirror neurons and karate. In karate, athletes are often trained to anticipate the opponent’s movement and to consider their emotions (Dosil 2006). This kind of training and skill may be linked to the concept related to mirror neurons, which are connected to the identification of the intention behind an action and are involved in a sort of automatic empathy of “really feeling what another person is feeling or going to do” (Carey 2006). Methods The research is an introductive literary review about martial arts and the theory of mirror neurons and provides a case study based on interviews. Participants have been asked to answer five questions related to the topic. All of them are expert athletes at the black belt level or with at least 10 years of training experience

Responsabilidade social e desafios da gestão do esporte no século XXI. Ecologia, sustentabilidade, controvérsias culturais e economia compartilhada no esporte

The article reviews the literature on the social challenges of modern sport. Particular attention was focused on the links between sport and ecology and the problems of sport promotion among children, women and the elderly. The problem of abuse of children and animals in traditional sporting events was also presented. The article ends with a presentation of the phenomenon of sharing economy in relation to sport and Olympic Games. References 1 Ross W, Leopkey R. The adoption and evolution of environmental practices in the Olympic Games. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2017; 22(1): 1-18. 2 Cantelon H, Letters M. The making of the IOC environmental policy as a third dimension of the Olympic Movement. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2000; 35(3): 294-308. 3 Trendafilova S, McCullogh B, Phafl M, Nguyen S, Casper J, Picariello M. Environmental sustainability in sport: Current state and future trends. Global Journal of Advances in Pure & Applied Sciences. 2014; 3: 9-14. 4 Chappelet JL. Olympic environmental concerns as a legacy of the Winter Games. The International Journal of the History of Sport.  2008; 25(14): 1884-1902. 5 Kowalczyk M. An Interview with Nina Witoszek: Deep ecology, ecomodernism and norwegian understanding of nature in the context of physical culture [Interview]. Folia Turistica. 2018; 49: 343-357. 6 Joseph J. A diaspora approach for sport tourism. Journal of Sport and Social Issues.  2011; 35(2): 146-167. 7 Pfister G. Islam and women's sports. SangSaeng: Living together, helping each other. 2006;(16):12-15. 8 Russell K, O’Connor N, Dashper K, Fletcher T. Sports mega events and Islam: An introduction. In: Dashper K, Fletcher T, McCullogh N. (eds.). Sports events, society and culture. London: Routledge; 2014. 9 Cire B. World’s older population grows dramatically. National Institute on Aging. 2016 [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/worlds-older-population-grows-dramatically. 10 Brunet A, Berger S. Epigenetics of aging and aging-related disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69 (Suppl 1): S17-20 11 Gray A. Population ageing and healthcare expenditure. Aging Horizons. 2005; 2: 15–20. 12 Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence.  Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2006; 174(6): 801–809. 13 Reuter I. Aging, physical activity, and disease prevention. Journal of Aging Research. 2012; Article ID 373294: 1-4. 14 Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology. 2012; 2(2): 1143–1211. 15 WHO. World Health Organization. 2011 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/leaflet-physical-activity-recommendations.pdf. 16 Robertson MC, Devlin N, Gardner MM, Campbell AJ. Effectiveness and economic evaluation of a nurse delivered home exercise programme to prevent falls. 1: Randomised controlled trial.?BMJ Clinical Research. 2001; 322(7288): 697-701. 17 Gale CR, Westbury L, Cooper C. Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for the progression of frailty: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Age Ageing. 2018; 47(3): 392-397. 18 Perissinotto CM, Stijacic Cenzer I, Covinsky KE. Loneliness in older persons:           A predictor of functional decline and death. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172(14): 1078–1084. 19 Council of Europe. The European Charter. 2012 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&from=EN. 20 Jenkin CR, Eime RM, Westerbeek H, O'Sullivan G, van Uffelen J. Sport and ageing: a systematic review of the determinants and trends of participation in sport for older adults. BMC public health. 2017; 17(1): 976. 21 Pons van Dijk G, Leffers P, Lodder J. The effectiveness of hard martial arts in people over forty: An attempted systematic review. Societies. 2014; 4(2): 161–179. 22 Schor T. Debating the Sharing Economy. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics. 2016; 4(3): 7-22. 23 Zimbalist A. Circus maximus: The economic gamble behind hosting the Olympics and the World Cup. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 2016. 24 International Olympic Committee (IOC). Olympic Agenda 2020: 20 + 20 Recommendations [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Lausanne: IOC; 2014. Available from https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic_Agenda_2020/Olympic_Agenda_2020-20-20_Recommendations-ENG.pdf. 25 Greenwell M. Here's an idea: Hold the Olympics in multiple cities at once. 2016 Feb 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.wired.com/2016/08/olympic-cities-everywhere/. 26 Ludacer R. No one wants to host the Olympics anymore — will they go away? [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.businessinsider.com/future-olympics-no-country-wants-to-host-games-2018-2?IR=T. 27 Airbnb. Olympics Recap: Rio Hosts Champion Hospitality. 2016 Mar 3 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/olympics-recap-rio-hosts-champion-hospitality/. 28 Golden J, Stern K. Airbnb winning in Rio, even in poorest neighborhoods. 2016 Aug 10 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/08/10/airbnb-winning-in-rio-even-in-poorest-neighborhoods.html. 29 Airbnb. Winter Olympics Recap. 2018 Mar 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/en-ap/winter-olympics-recap/.El artículo revisa la literatura sobre los desafíos sociales del deporte moderno. Se prestó especial atención a la relación entre el deporte y la ecología y los problemas de promoción deportiva entre niños, mujeres y ancianos. También se presentó el problema del abuso infantil y animal en los eventos deportivos tradicionales. El artículo termina con una presentación del fenómeno de compartir la economía en relación con el deporte y los Juegos Olímpicos. Referencias 1 Ross W, Leopkey R. The adoption and evolution of environmental practices in the Olympic Games. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2017; 22(1): 1-18. 2 Cantelon H, Letters M. The making of the IOC environmental policy as a third dimension of the Olympic Movement. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2000; 35(3): 294-308. 3 Trendafilova S, McCullogh B, Phafl M, Nguyen S, Casper J, Picariello M. Environmental sustainability in sport: Current state and future trends. Global Journal of Advances in Pure & Applied Sciences. 2014; 3: 9-14. 4 Chappelet JL. Olympic environmental concerns as a legacy of the Winter Games. The International Journal of the History of Sport.  2008; 25(14): 1884-1902. 5 Kowalczyk M. An Interview with Nina Witoszek: Deep ecology, ecomodernism and norwegian understanding of nature in the context of physical culture [Interview]. Folia Turistica. 2018; 49: 343-357. 6 Joseph J. A diaspora approach for sport tourism. Journal of Sport and Social Issues.  2011; 35(2): 146-167. 7 Pfister G. Islam and women's sports. SangSaeng: Living together, helping each other. 2006;(16):12-15. 8 Russell K, O’Connor N, Dashper K, Fletcher T. Sports mega events and Islam: An introduction. In: Dashper K, Fletcher T, McCullogh N. (eds.). Sports events, society and culture. London: Routledge; 2014. 9 Cire B. World’s older population grows dramatically. National Institute on Aging. 2016 [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/worlds-older-population-grows-dramatically. 10 Brunet A, Berger S. Epigenetics of aging and aging-related disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69 (Suppl 1): S17-20 11 Gray A. Population ageing and healthcare expenditure. Aging Horizons. 2005; 2: 15–20. 12 Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence.  Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2006; 174(6): 801–809. 13 Reuter I. Aging, physical activity, and disease prevention. Journal of Aging Research. 2012; Article ID 373294: 1-4. 14 Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology. 2012; 2(2): 1143–1211. 15 WHO. World Health Organization. 2011 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/leaflet-physical-activity-recommendations.pdf. 16 Robertson MC, Devlin N, Gardner MM, Campbell AJ. Effectiveness and economic evaluation of a nurse delivered home exercise programme to prevent falls. 1: Randomised controlled trial.?BMJ Clinical Research. 2001; 322(7288): 697-701. 17 Gale CR, Westbury L, Cooper C. Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for the progression of frailty: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Age Ageing. 2018; 47(3): 392-397. 18 Perissinotto CM, Stijacic Cenzer I, Covinsky KE. Loneliness in older persons:           A predictor of functional decline and death. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172(14): 1078–1084. 19 Council of Europe. The European Charter. 2012 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&from=EN. 20 Jenkin CR, Eime RM, Westerbeek H, O'Sullivan G, van Uffelen J. Sport and ageing: a systematic review of the determinants and trends of participation in sport for older adults. BMC public health. 2017; 17(1): 976. 21 Pons van Dijk G, Leffers P, Lodder J. The effectiveness of hard martial arts in people over forty: An attempted systematic review. Societies. 2014; 4(2): 161–179. 22 Schor T. Debating the Sharing Economy. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics. 2016; 4(3): 7-22. 23 Zimbalist A. Circus maximus: The economic gamble behind hosting the Olympics and the World Cup. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 2016. 24 International Olympic Committee (IOC). Olympic Agenda 2020: 20 + 20 Recommendations [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Lausanne: IOC; 2014. Available from https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic_Agenda_2020/Olympic_Agenda_2020-20-20_Recommendations-ENG.pdf. 25 Greenwell M. Here's an idea: Hold the Olympics in multiple cities at once. 2016 Feb 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.wired.com/2016/08/olympic-cities-everywhere/. 26 Ludacer R. No one wants to host the Olympics anymore — will they go away? [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.businessinsider.com/future-olympics-no-country-wants-to-host-games-2018-2?IR=T. 27 Airbnb. Olympics Recap: Rio Hosts Champion Hospitality. 2016 Mar 3 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/olympics-recap-rio-hosts-champion-hospitality/. 28 Golden J, Stern K. Airbnb winning in Rio, even in poorest neighborhoods. 2016 Aug 10 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/08/10/airbnb-winning-in-rio-even-in-poorest-neighborhoods.html. 29 Airbnb. Winter Olympics Recap. 2018 Mar 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/en-ap/winter-olympics-recap/.O artigo revisa a literatura sobre os desafios sociais do esporte moderno. Particular atenção foi voltada para as relações entre esporte e ecologia e os problemas de promoção do esporte entre crianças, mulheres e idosos. O problema do abuso de crianças e animais em eventos esportivos tradicionais também foi apresentado. O artigo termina com uma apresentação do fenômeno do compartilhamento da economia em relação ao esporte e aos Jogos Olímpicos. Referências 1 Ross W, Leopkey R. The adoption and evolution of environmental practices in the Olympic Games. Managing Sport and Leisure. 2017; 22(1): 1-18. 2 Cantelon H, Letters M. The making of the IOC environmental policy as a third dimension of the Olympic Movement. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 2000; 35(3): 294-308. 3 Trendafilova S, McCullogh B, Phafl M, Nguyen S, Casper J, Picariello M. Environmental sustainability in sport: Current state and future trends. Global Journal of Advances in Pure & Applied Sciences. 2014; 3: 9-14. 4 Chappelet JL. Olympic environmental concerns as a legacy of the Winter Games. The International Journal of the History of Sport.  2008; 25(14): 1884-1902. 5 Kowalczyk M. An Interview with Nina Witoszek: Deep ecology, ecomodernism and norwegian understanding of nature in the context of physical culture [Interview]. Folia Turistica. 2018; 49: 343-357. 6 Joseph J. A diaspora approach for sport tourism. Journal of Sport and Social Issues.  2011; 35(2): 146-167. 7 Pfister G. Islam and women's sports. SangSaeng: Living together, helping each other. 2006;(16):12-15. 8 Russell K, O’Connor N, Dashper K, Fletcher T. Sports mega events and Islam: An introduction. In: Dashper K, Fletcher T, McCullogh N. (eds.). Sports events, society and culture. London: Routledge; 2014. 9 Cire B. World’s older population grows dramatically. National Institute on Aging. 2016 [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/worlds-older-population-grows-dramatically. 10 Brunet A, Berger S. Epigenetics of aging and aging-related disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014; 69 (Suppl 1): S17-20 11 Gray A. Population ageing and healthcare expenditure. Aging Horizons. 2005; 2: 15–20. 12 Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin S.S. Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence.  Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2006; 174(6): 801–809. 13 Reuter I. Aging, physical activity, and disease prevention. Journal of Aging Research. 2012; Article ID 373294: 1-4. 14 Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive Physiology. 2012; 2(2): 1143–1211. 15 WHO. World Health Organization. 2011 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/leaflet-physical-activity-recommendations.pdf. 16 Robertson MC, Devlin N, Gardner MM, Campbell AJ. Effectiveness and economic evaluation of a nurse delivered home exercise programme to prevent falls. 1: Randomised controlled trial.?BMJ Clinical Research. 2001; 322(7288): 697-701. 17 Gale CR, Westbury L, Cooper C. Social isolation and loneliness as risk factors for the progression of frailty: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Age Ageing. 2018; 47(3): 392-397. 18 Perissinotto CM, Stijacic Cenzer I, Covinsky KE. Loneliness in older persons:           A predictor of functional decline and death. Arch Intern Med. 2012; 172(14): 1078–1084. 19 Council of Europe. The European Charter. 2012 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12012P/TXT&from=EN. 20 Jenkin CR, Eime RM, Westerbeek H, O'Sullivan G, van Uffelen J. Sport and ageing: a systematic review of the determinants and trends of participation in sport for older adults. BMC public health. 2017; 17(1): 976. 21 Pons van Dijk G, Leffers P, Lodder J. The effectiveness of hard martial arts in people over forty: An attempted systematic review. Societies. 2014; 4(2): 161–179. 22 Schor T. Debating the Sharing Economy. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics. 2016; 4(3): 7-22. 23 Zimbalist A. Circus maximus: The economic gamble behind hosting the Olympics and the World Cup. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 2016. 24 International Olympic Committee (IOC). Olympic Agenda 2020: 20 + 20 Recommendations [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Lausanne: IOC; 2014. Available from https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Olympic_Agenda_2020/Olympic_Agenda_2020-20-20_Recommendations-ENG.pdf. 25 Greenwell M. Here's an idea: Hold the Olympics in multiple cities at once. 2016 Feb 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.wired.com/2016/08/olympic-cities-everywhere/. 26 Ludacer R. No one wants to host the Olympics anymore — will they go away? [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.businessinsider.com/future-olympics-no-country-wants-to-host-games-2018-2?IR=T. 27 Airbnb. Olympics Recap: Rio Hosts Champion Hospitality. 2016 Mar 3 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/olympics-recap-rio-hosts-champion-hospitality/. 28 Golden J, Stern K. Airbnb winning in Rio, even in poorest neighborhoods. 2016 Aug 10 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/08/10/airbnb-winning-in-rio-even-in-poorest-neighborhoods.html. 29 Airbnb. Winter Olympics Recap. 2018 Mar 8 [cited 2019 Sep 28]. Available from https://press.airbnb.com/en-ap/winter-olympics-recap/

A produção agropecuária em assentamentos rurais no norte de São Paulo: principais cultivos, criações e implementos

Since the year 2012 students and professors of FCAV/Unesp/Jaboticabal carry on researches and university extension projects in settlement areas in the northern region of state of São Paulo. Following the premise that the extension activity must be based on the community´s reality, ten settlement areas were researched for the major elements that affect or can affect the agriculture production and animal husbandry. This article presents some of the results on the demography and family work in the settlement areas, the main crops and animals founded and the access of families to public policy programs for family farming. This first contact with the settlement areas in the region guided the planning of the extension projects now in course in the settlements SepéTiarajú and Córrego Rico.Desde o ano de 2012 alunos e professores do Departamento de Economia Rural da FCAV/Unesp/Jaboticabal vem desenvolvendo pesquisas e projetos de extensão universitária em assentamentos rurais da Região Norte do estado de São Paulo. Seguindo a premissa de que a atividade de extensão deve estar calcada na realidade da comunidade, foi realizada uma pesquisa em dez áreas de assentamento para levantar dados sobre os principais elementos que afetam ou podem afetar a produção agropecuária. Esse trabalho apresenta alguns dos dados encontrados sobre demografia e trabalho familiar nos assentamentos, os principais cultivos e criações e o acesso das famílias aos programas de política pública para a agricultura familiar. Esse primeiro contato com os assentamentos da região norteou a formulação dos projetos de extensão atualmente em andamento nos assentamentos Sepé Tiarajú e Córrego Rico