Food system resilience measurement: principles, framework and caveats

There is growing recognition that a better understanding of how food systems respond to crises is critical to build and protect the food security of local populations. But rigorous and reliable methods to measure food system resilience are still missing. In this paper, we build on the current literature to develop an analytical framework aimed at assessing the resilience of food systems at local level. The novel element of the analysis lies in the levels at which resilience is considered. Combining the individual actor level with the notion of 'emergent properties' of food systems, we argue that the overall resilience of food system results from processes that take place – and need to be measured – at both individual and system levels. The framework is structured around three components: (i) the mapping of the actors and the local food system; (ii) the assessment of the resilience of these actors and that of the food system, and (iii) the outcomes of this resilience, assessed in term of local population’s food security. For each of those components, indicators are proposed and the ways to collect them are discussed. The paper then presents the types of analyses that would be necessary to complete to gain a better understanding of the situation regarding the resilience of the local food system under consideration, including the analysis of “positive deviance” among food system actors. The paper concludes with a series of reflections about the caveats and challenges that one may face when attempting to assess food system resilience

An audit of patients currently using legally acquired cannabis as a means of managing chronic pain

Introduction: Chronic pain constitutes a significant challenge to healthcare today. In Canada, it is estimated that it costs healthcare over $6 billion per year. This audit investigates the medically approved use of cannabis in the treatment of chronic pain in 29 patients at the Alan Edwards Pain Management Unit of the Montreal General Hospital (MGH). Methods: Twenty-nine patient charts were accessed at MGH. Relevant patient and usage information were collected from both patient charts and Marijuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR) documents and compiled into a spreadsheet for analysis. Results: Information gathered from 19 males and 10 females revealed that chronic back pain was the most common cause of chronic pain. In addition to cannabis, 11 were currently taking prescribed narcotic medications, five were taking synthetic cannabinoids, and five were using over-the-counter medications. The remaining eight used cannabis alone as their primary means of managing pain. All patients reported improvements in pain after using cannabis. Conclusions: This audit suggests that cannabis can be effective at managing mild to moderate levels of pain in patients suffering from a variety of pathologies. Considering the economic, psychological and physical burden associated with pain, and the growing problem of prescribed narcotic dependency around the world, the need for further research into the uses of cannabis as an alternative method of pain management is clear.</p