STIFFNESS AND STRENTH ANALYSIS OF A LUG JOINT STRUCTURE

Lug joint is a kind of structure widely used in missile empennages connection. Aiming at the problem of the lug joints in a static experiment,we built the equal simplified FEA model,and systematically analyzed the influence of bolts distribution,stiffness matching of connected parts,bolt fit clearance and bolt preload on stiffness and strength of the joints.Finally,based on the analysis and manufacturability,the original structure got improved and validated by FEA simulation

Tumor‐associated macrophages‐educated reparative macrophages promote diabetic wound healing

Abstract Nonhealing diabetic wounds, with persistent inflammation and damaged vasculature, have failed conventional treatments and require comprehensive interference. Here, inspired by tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) that produce abundant immunosuppressive and proliferative factors in tumor development, we generate macrophages to recapitulate TAMs' reparative functions, by culturing normal macrophages with TAMs' conditional medium (TAMs‐CM). These TAMs‐educated macrophages (TAMEMs) outperform major macrophage phenotypes (M0, M1, or M2) in suppressing inflammation, stimulating angiogenesis, and activating fibroblasts in vitro. When delivered to skin wounds in diabetic mice, TAMEMs efficiently promote healing. Based on TAMs‐CM's composition, we further reconstitute a nine‐factor cocktail to train human primary monocytes into TAMEMsC‐h, which fully resemble TAMEMs' functions without using tumor components, thereby having increased safety and enabling the preparation of autologous cells. Our study demonstrates that recapitulating TAMs' unique reparative activities in nontumor cells can lead to an effective cell therapeutic approach with high translational potential for regenerative medicine

Synthesis and Biological Evaluations of a Series of Thaxtomin Analogues

Thaxtomins are a unique family of phytotoxins with unique 4-nitroindole and diketopiperazine fragments possessing potential herbicidal activities. This work presents the total synthesis of natural product thaxtomin C and its analogues. The extensive structure–activity relationship study screens four effective compounds, including thaxtomin A and thaxtomin C. It is indicated that 4-nitro indole fragment is essential for phytotoxicity, while benzyl and <i>m</i>-hydroxybenzyl substituents on the diketopiperazine ring are favorable for the efficacy. The N-methylations on indole and diketopiperazine show weak influence on the herbicidal activities. The four selected compounds show effective herbicidal activities against Brassica campestris, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Abutilon theophrasti, which are comparable or better than dichlobenil, even at a dosage of 187.5 g ha^–1. Moreover, these four compounds show good crop-selective properties to different crops and exhibit moderate protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) enzyme inhibition. The antifungal results indicate that thaxtomin C displays inhibition to a wide range of fungi