Demographic and clinical characteristics of study cohort.

<p>PICU, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; PRW, Pediatric Respiratory Ward. Values in bold and underline indicate statistical significance (p< 0.05).</p>1<p>p value Fisher's exact  =  0.001.</p>2<p>p value Fisher's exact  =  0.008.</p>3<p>p value Fisher's exact  =  0.01.</p>4<p>p value Mann-Whitney'test  = 0.003.</p>5, 6, 7<p>Fast breathing, wheezing and crepitations (p value Fisher's exact  =  0.001).</p>8<p>p value Fisher's exact  =  0.001.</p>9<p>p value Fisher's exact  =  0.001.</p>10<p>p value of Fisher's test  = 0.001.</p

Number of cases enrolled and total numbers of ARI children hospitalized in HTD, November 2004 to January 2008.

<p>Number of cases enrolled and total numbers of ARI children hospitalized in HTD, November 2004 to January 2008.</p

Primers and probes used in monoplex real-time RT-PCRs to detect HBoV, enterovirus and hCoV-NL63.

<p>Primers and probes used in monoplex real-time RT-PCRs to detect HBoV, enterovirus and hCoV-NL63.</p

Summary of associations between clinical characteristics and viral single/co-infection or viral positive cases and viral negative cases.

<p>Percentages were calculated based on the fraction of patients having a specific symptom within each group.</p>a<p>Median (IQR) of age of each group.</p>b<p>fast breathing was defined according to the standard WHO <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0018176#pone.0018176-Peter1" target="_blank">[15]</a>.</p>c<p>Median (IQR) of duration of hospitalization (days).</p>d<p>Number and percentage of patients having duration of hospitalization lasted longer than 7 days.</p

Age group distribution of viral etiologies.

<p>Percentages were calculated based on the fraction of study population within each age group. (Note, age data was not available for one case.)</p

Diagnostic sensitivity and efficacy of respiratory specimens and combined nasal-throat (NT) swabs by viral etiology.

<p>Underlined and bold numbers indicate significant differences in paired values by McNemar's test:</p>i<p>between nasal swabs and NPA (p = 0.05);</p>ii<p>between NPA and throat swabs (p = 0.006);</p>iii<p>between nasal swabs and throat swabs (p = 0.01);</p>iv<p>between throat swabs and NPA (p = 0.02);</p>v<p>between NT swabs and NPA ( = 0.001).</p><p>*refers to the total number of positive cases, defined as the detection of any viral pathogen in any specimen per patient.</p>#<p>refers to cases in whose samples enterovirus or human rhinovirus A was detected.</p

Proportion of RSV and hMPV positive cases recruited each month from November 2004 to January 2008.

<p>Time in months is displayed on the X-axis and the percentage of positive cases of each virus among all cases recruited in that month on the y-axis.</p