The Color-Sharing Bonus:Roles of Perceptual Organization and Attentive Processes in Visual Working Memory

Color repetitions in a visual scene boost memory for its elements, a phenomenon known as the color-sharing effect. This may occur because improved perceptual organization reduces information load or because the repetitions capture attention. The implications of these explanations differ drastically for both the theoretical meaning of this effect and its potential value for applications in design of visual materials. If repetitions capture attention to the exclusion of other details, then use of repetition in visual displays should be confined to emphasized details, but if repetitions reduce the load of the display, designers can assume that the nonrepeated information is also more likely to be attended and remembered. We manipulated the availability of general attention during a visual memory task by comparing groups of participants engaged in meaningless speech or attention-demanding continuous arithmetic. We also tracked eye movements as an implicit indicator of selective attention. Estimated memory capacity was always higher when color duplicates were tested, and under full attention conditions this bonus spilled over to the unique colors too. Analyses of gazes showed that with full attention, participants tended to glance earlier at duplicate colors during stimulus presentation but looked more at unique colors during the retention interval. This pattern of results suggests that the color-sharing bonus reflects efficient perceptual organization of the display based on the presence of repetitions, and possibly strategic attention allocation when attention is available.<br/

Arctic sea-ice loss intensifies aerosol transport to the Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has recently been polluted by anthropogenic emissions transported from South Asia, but the mechanisms conducive to this aerosol delivery are poorly understood. Here we show that winter loss of Arctic sea ice over the subpolar North Atlantic boosts aerosol transport toward the TP in April, when the aerosol loading is at its climatological maximum and preceding the Indian summer monsoon onset. Low sea ice in February weakens the polar jet, causing decreased Ural snowpack via reduced transport of warm, moist oceanic air into the high-latitude Eurasian interior. This diminished snowpack persists through April, reinforcing the Ural pressure ridge and East Asian trough, segments of a quasi-stationary Rossby wave train extending across Eurasia. These conditions facilitate an enhanced subtropical westerly jet at the southern edge of the TP, invigorating upslope winds that combine with mesoscale updrafts to waft emissions over the Himalayas onto the TP

Dataset: The color-sharing bonus: Roles of perceptual organization and attentive processes in visual working memory

Color repetitions in a visual scene boost memory for its elements, a phenomenon known as the color-sharing effect. This may occur because improved perceptual organization reduces information load or because the repetitions capture attention. The implications of these explanations differ drastically for both the theoretical meaning of this effect and its potential value for applications in design of visual materials. If repetitions capture attention to the exclusion of other details, then use of repetition in visual displays should be confined to emphasized details, but if repetitions reduce the load of the display, designers can assume that the non-repeated information is also more likely to be attended and remembered. We manipulated the availability of general attention during a visual memory task by comparing groups of participants engaged in meaningless speech or attention-demanding continuous arithmetic. We also tracked eye movements as an implicit indicator of selective attention. Estimated memory capacity was always higher when color duplicates were tested, and under full attention conditions this bonus spilled over to the unique colors too. Analyses of gazes showed that with full attention, participants tended to glance earlier at duplicate colors during stimulus presentation but looked more at unique colors during the retention interval. This pattern of results suggests that the color-sharing bonus reflects efficient perceptual organization of the display based on the presence of repetitions, and possibly strategic attention allocation when attention is available. Cross-sectional data, humans with typical visual sensory and intellectual abilities. Visual change detection, a same/change recognition memory task. Restrictions: This dataset is part of ICPSR's Archives of Scientific Psychology journal database. Users should contact the Editorial Office at the American Psychological Association for information on requesting data access (https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/arc/data-access)

Mono- and Co-Doped Mn-Doped CsPbCl₃ Perovskites with Enhanced Doping Efficiency and Photoluminescent Performance

To investigate the effect of Mn and other metal dopants on the photoelectronic performance of CsPbCl3 perovskites, we conducted a series of theoretical analyses. Our findings showed that after Mn mono-doping, the CsPbCl3 lattice contracted and the bonding strength increased, resulting in a more compact structure of the metal octahedral cage. The relaxation of the metal octahedral cage, along with the Jahn–Teller effect, results in a decrease in lattice strain between the octahedra and a reduction in the energy of the entire lattice due to the deformation of the metal octahedron. These three factors work together to reduce intrinsic defects and enhance the stability and electronic properties of CsPbCl3 perovskites. The solubility of the Mn dopant is significantly increased when co-doped with Ni, Fe, and Co dopants, as it compensates for the lattice strain induced by Mn. Doping CsPbCl3 perovskites reduces the band gap due to the decreased contributions of 3d orbitals from the dopants. Our analyses have revealed that strengthening the CsPbCl3 lattice and reducing intrinsic defects can result in improved stability and PL properties. Moreover, increasing Mn solubility and decreasing the bandgap can enhance the PLQY of orange luminescence in CsPbCl3 perovskites. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of effective strategies to enhance the photoelectronic properties of these materials