Vineyard microclimate and yield under different plastic covers.

The use of plastic cover in vineyards minimizes effects of adverse weather conditions. The northwest of São Paulo State is one of the largest grape producing regions in Brazil; however, few studies investigate the effects of different plastic covers on vineyards in this region. This study compared the effect of black shading screen (BSS) and braided polypropylene film (BPF) on BRS Morena vineyard microclimate, grown on an overhead trellis system in the northwestern São Paulo. The experiments were carried out during three growing seasons (2012 ? 2014). BSS allowed superior incoming solar radiation (SR) transmissivity, resulting in higher net radiation (Rn), and higher ratio between photosynthetically active (PAR) and SR. No differences were observed between the average air temperatures (T) and relative humidity (RH) of covered environments (BPF and BSS) and outside condition (automatic weather station ? AWS), due to high air circulation, despite wind speed (WS) reduction caused by plastic covers. BPF provided better conditions for vineyard growth with higher fruit yield than vineyard under BSS regarding the number of shoots with bunches per plant, bunch and stem weights, longitudinal diameter of berries, quantity of fertile buds per shoot, and yield per shoot and per plant. BPF covers also influenced leaf size and growth speed of plants in vineyards. Keywords Black shading screen . Braided polypropylene film . BRS Morena . Leaf wetness duration . Yiel

Práticas culturais sobre aleitamento materno entre famílias cadastradas em um Programa de Saúde da Família Prácticas culturales sobre amamantamiento materno entre familias registradas en un Programa de Salud de la Familia Cultural practices about breastfeeding among families enrolled in a Family Health Program

Objetivou-se identificar as práticas culturais em relação ao aleitamento materno entre famílias cadastradas em um PSF. Estudo descritivo, exploratório, realizado em Pentecoste, Ceará, com 15 mães que demonstraram algum fator restritivo ao aleitamento. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de observação direta e entrevista semiestruturada e, após análise, emergiram as categorias empíricas: prazer em amamentar e prevenção de doenças; influência da família/comunidade; e dificuldade em manter a amamentação. As mães verbalizaram dificuldades na prática da amamentação, ausência de um suporte adequado do serviço de saúde que envolva fatores não somente biológicos, mas no âmbito social e cultural. Conclui-se que há distanciamento entre o discurso científico e as práticas culturais do dia-a-dia dessas famílias.<br>Se objetivó identificar las prácticas culturales en relación al amamantamiento materno entre familias registradas en un PSF. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, realizado en Pentecoste, Ceará, con 15 madres que demostraron algún factor restrictivo al amamantamiento. La recolección de datos ocurrió por medio de observación directa y entrevista semiestructurada y, después del análisis, emergieron las categorías empíricas: placer en amamantar y prevención de enfermedades; influencia de la familia/comunidad; y dificultad en mantener el amamantamiento. Las madres verbalizaron dificultades en la práctica del amamantamiento, ausencia de un soporte adecuado del servicio de salud que contenga factores no solamente biológicos, y si también del ámbito social y cultural. Se concluye que hay un distanciamiento entre el discurso científico y las prácticas culturales de lo cotidiano de esas familias.<br>The objective of this study was to identify the cultural practices about breastfeeding among families enrolled in a Family Health Program (FHP). This exploratory study was performed in the city of Pentecoste (Ceará, Brazil), with 15 mothers who showed some restrictive factor for breastfeeding. Data collection was through direct observation and semi-structured interviews. The analysis revealed empirical categories of pleasure in breastfeeding and the prevention of diseases; influence from family/community; and the difficulty to sustain breastfeeding. The mothers reported difficulties related to the practice of breastfeeding, a lack of adequate health service support involving not only biological but also social and cultural factors. There is a disconnection between the scientific discourse and families' everyday cultural practices