Underlying Kidney Diseases and Complications for COVID-19: A Review

There is mounting evidence supporting that patients with kidney diseases are particularly vulnerable to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The review was conducted to examine the risk and complications of COVID-19 among patients with confirmed cases of underlying kidney disease. A search of Google Scholar, PubMed and Science direct databases to August 2020 was conducted using search terms pertaining to kidney diseases, renal insufficiency, kidney injury, angiotensin receptors, hemodialysis, and kidney transplant. We briefly reviewed COVID-19 in the context of kidney diseases. A significant proportion of hospitalized patients for COVID-19 have acute kidney injury, which further deteriorates their prognosis. COVID-19 increases morbidity and mortality among people already diagnosed with kidney disorders and obesity due to multiple organ injury caused by the SARS-CoV-2. This review supports the need for clinicians to carefully manage and monitor all patients with renal disorders in order to minimize acute kidney injuries. Although some therapeutic drugs have been suggested by some studies, treatment should be administered cautiously not to worsen the condition of the kidney. Further studies are required to highlight the efficient management of patients with underlying kidney diseases, who are infected with SARS-CoV-2. With proactive systematic screening and triaging, close monitoring and prompt management of coexisting other infections, the COVID-19 disease burden among these patients could be reduced

Quality control of LAMP assay.

EC–extraction control, RC1 –reaction control (master mix), RC2—reaction control: master mix with nuclease free water, PC 1 –positive control (24,087 parasites/μL), PC2—positive control (812 parasites/μL), PC3—positive control (6 parasites/μL), NC–negative control, NR1/2 –patient negative reactions, PR1/2 –patient positive reactions.</p

The proportions of the clinical features of the LAMP positive patients.

The proportions of the clinical features of the LAMP positive patients.</p

Monthly trends in suspected and <i>Plasmodium</i> 18s rRNA positive cases.

Major rainfall–April–June, minor rainfall–March, September and October, no or very low rains—July, August, November–February.</p

Oligonucleotide primers used for the 18s rRNA amplification.

Oligonucleotide primers used for the 18s rRNA amplification.</p

Demographical features of the study participants and their association with <i>Plasmodium</i> 18s rRNA status.

Demographical features of the study participants and their association with Plasmodium 18s rRNA status.</p