A scheme of correlation for frictional pressure drop in steam–water two-phase flow in helicoidal tubes

In the nuclear field, helically coiled tube steam generators (SGs) are considered as a primary option for different nuclear reactor projects of Generation III+ and Generation IV. For their characteristics, in particular compactness of the component design, higher heat transfer rates and better capability to accommodate thermal expansion, they are especially attractive for small-medium modular reactors (SMRs) of Generation III+. In this paper, starting from two existing databases, a new correlation is developed for the determination of the two-phase frictional pressure drop. The experimental data cover the ranges 5–65 bar for the pressure, 200 to 800 kg/m2 s for the mass flux and 0 to 1 for the quality. Two coil diameters have been considered, namely 0.292 m and 1.0 m. The coil diameter in particular is crucial for a correct estimation of the two-phase frictional pressure drop. Actually, no general correlation reliable in a wide range of coil geometries is available at the moment. Starting from the noteworthy correlation of Lockhart and Martinelli, corrective parameters are included to account for the effect of the centrifugal force, introduced by the helical geometry, and the system pressure. The correlation is developed with the aim to obtain a form of general validity, while keeping as low as possible the number of empirical coefficients involved. The average relative deviation between the correlation and the experimental data is about 12.9% on the whole database, which results the best among numerous literature correlations. In addition, the new correlation is characterized by an extended range of validity, in particular for the diameter of the coil

First average and local heat transfer measurements on a forced air-flow at low Re-numbers through a rectangular channel with ribbed surfaces

In this paper we present new experimental results on average and local heat transfer characteristics of a forced air-flow through a rectangular channel with the lower and upper surfaces with continuous, square ribs. Comparisons with data inside a flat rectangular channel are also presented. The experimental duct cross-section is 120 mm wide and 12 mm height, and the channel is operated with the lower and upper walls at fixed temperature whereas the sides are adiabatic. Ribs are transverse to the flow or tilted with an angle of 45° or 60°; for the transverse configurations, three values of the pitch-to-heigth ratio p/e, namely 10, 20 or 40, are investigated. Reynolds numbers, based on the duct hydraulic diameter, are varied between 600 and 8000. Accordingly, the average Nusselt numbers and the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor are presented. In addition, first results on local temperature measurements by means of IR-thermography, obtained in a properly modified test section operated at a constant heat flux, are shown for the transverse- rib configuration with p/e=10 and e=4-mm