Towards control of the global HIV epidemic: addressing the middle-90 challenge in the UNAIDS 90–90–90 target

In a Perspective, Collins Iwuji and Marie-Louise Newell discuss early findings from Richard Hayes and colleagues' PopART study on HIV testing and treatment.</p

Females of Color Who Have Served as Superintendent: Their Journeys to the Superintendency and Perceptions of the Office

The purpose of this study was to chronicle the journeys often females of color to the office of the superintendent, to document how they use the power of the office and to record their perceptions, as superintendent, of the office( s) they hold or have held. It provides an in-depth look at the females as people and as leaders. One premise of this study is that access to education and equity in employment opportunity are key factors in determining who may serve in the nation\u27s highest offices. Half of the respondents are the products of legally enforced segregation in their elementary school experiences and some were fully educated under a system of segregation. In spite of the inequity of education in the separate but equal schools, all of these women not only gained an education, but also achieved education at its highest level, the doctorate. Among other things, they identify familial support, a belief in a higher power and the ability to persevere as facilitators in reaching the highest teaching job in education The office of superintendent is much more than a profession to all of the women in this study; it is more of a mission. Most of the women expressed the desire to become academic leaders before they became superintendents. They prided themselves in having sat in many seats and used that knowledge to guide them in making decisions. Those who admittedly sought the superintendency as a primary goal surrounded themselves with others who had the technical knowledge that they lacked. When in office, they generally forged strong alliances and managed \u27\u27power with others, in contrast to the traditional model of top-down leadership, or the use of power over others. the superintendents interviewed believed strongly in what they were doing and all indicated that in spite of the challenges and the strife, they planned to All of remain and complete their mission. The ways in which they all wish to be remembered can be restated as individuals who served others and served them well

System learning in complex and emergent environments: A study of how leaders in one education system enabled capacity for learning focused on the enactment of moral purpose

This thesis explores system capacity building, in particular, the purpose of system capacity building and how leaders, in the context of Leading for Learning Project, enabled whole of system capacity building with a focus on sustained engagement with moral purpose. It is argued, however, that the purpose and scope of system capacity building is often conceptually limited because it is understood within the current regulatory and performance focused education reform environment. This thesis, therefore, offers an alternative perspective by engaging with the theoretical underpinnings of complexity theory. As such, this thesis offers a conceptualisation of education systems as complex adaptive systems and system capacity building as a complex and emergent process. The thesis presents a radical reframing of education systems arguing that education systems are better understood as open, dynamic, and emergent systems, constituted of many interdependent relationships throughout the system

Computerized Brainstorming and Decision Making

Abstract Computers are widely used in business and industry toda y and are frequently considered essential to efficient job performance. A great deal of research has been generated over the past decade regarding computer use in the work place. However, research has lagged regarding computer technology and group performance. The purpose of this study is to determine empirically if there are enhancements in the performance of groups and individuals when they use a computer to facilitate the problem solving process. It is hypothesized that the quality of solutions generated to a complex problem will be a function of the interaction between use of computer and whether participants work independently or in groups. In addition, number of new factors generated and time taken for completion of the problem solving task will also be a func tion of this same interaction. One hundred and sixty-one participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: group computer, group non-computer, individual computer and individual non-computer. All participants were asked to generate factors which might contribute to a final solution of the complex problem and to generate an initial and final solution to the problem. The group computer condition utilized Group Systems (GS) software to network computers for group interaction and to facilitate individual work on the computer. The other two treatment conditions (group non-computer and individual non-computer) employed paper and pencil. The problem solutions were rated for appropriateness, originality and resolving power. In addition, number of new factors generated were counted and time taken for task completion was recorded

An analysis of Stanford-Binet test responses in three types of mental disorder

This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

The organization and administration of an audio-visual education program for the Marblehead junior-senior high school.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Analysis of the role of rab11-FIP3 phosphorylation during cytokinesis

Cytokinesis involves abscission of the intracellular bridge between two daughter cells, thus completing mitosis. Membrane traffic is at the heart of mammalian cytokinesis. Rab11-FIP3 (also referred to as FIP3) in complex with Rab11 plays a key role in the delivery and targeting of recycling endosomes to the furrow; this is essential for completion of cytokinesis. FIP3 undergoes spatial and temporal dynamics during mitosis. During metaphase and early anaphase, FIP3 is largely cytosolic, with some localised to endosomal membrane structures. During late anaphase, following furrow initiation, FIP3 localises to the centrosome. At late cytokinesis, FIP3 relocates to the cleavage furrow and midbody. On separation of the daughter cells, FIP3 returns to the centrosome. The regulatory mechanisms governing the dynamics of FIP3 during mitosis are unknown. This work aims to determine if FIP3 can be phosphorylated by the cell-cycle kinases which regulate mitosis, and whether this has an impact on the spatial and temporal dynamics of FIP3. In vitro phosphorylation assays show that FIP3 can be phosphorylated by cyclin B-CDK1, Plk1, Aurora A and weakly by Aurora B. A proteomic approach revealed that, within the limits of our experimental approach, only cyclin B-CDK1 phosphorylated FIP3 significantly, at serine 102. Interestingly, proteomic analysis of FIP3 immunoprecipitated from metaphase cells has identified serine 102, 281, 348 and 451 as sites of potential phosphorylation. Data from this and a collaborating lab offers the hypothesis that FIP3 is phosphorylated during the early stages of the cell-cycle, and that dephosphorylation of FIP3 is the trigger for the association of FIP3 with membranes. A phospho-specific antibody to serine 102 (pS102) detects CDK1 phosphorylated FIP3. Serine 102 is phosphorylated in metaphase and becomes dephosphorylated as the cell progresses through to telophase. Further analysis reveals that cytosolic levels of pS102 peak in metaphase and decrease towards telophase to negligible levels. pS102 is absent in the membrane fraction. This work suggests that FIP3 may be directly phosphorylated by CDK1, at serine 102, in early mitosis. Kinase inhibition studies show that inhibition of CDK1, by the inhibitor BMI-1026, results in a mis-localisation of GFP-FIP3 in HeLa cells. This could also be interpreted as a delay in cytokinesis, since CDK1 inhibition resulted in more cells in telophase displaying GFP-FIP3 in a localisation characteristic of an earlier stage of telophase, compared to the controls. The role of phosphorylation at serines 102, 281, 348 and 451 of FIP3 was investigated by creating phospho-null and phospho-mimetic mutants in the context of GFP-FIP3. It would appear that when mutated singly, the potential phospho-sites of serines 102, 281, 348 and 451 (phospho-mimetic mutant only for serine 451) have no significant effect on the localisation of FIP3 during mitosis, nor do they affect cytokinesis. A phospho-null mutation of serine 451 resulted in poor expression of the protein and an unhealthy population of cells. In summary, the spatial and temporal dynamics of FIP3 may be regulated by phosphorylation. We hypothesise that during prometaphase and metaphase FIP3 is phosphorylated, preventing its association with endosomes. FIP3 is dephosphorylated in late anaphase, allowing it to associate with endosomes and subsequently traffic to the furrow and midbody. We suggest that CDK1 phosphorylates FIP3 in the early stages of mitosis, at serine 102. In conclusion, membrane traffic is central to mammalian cytokinesis and data from this thesis suggests that it may be regulated by the cell-cycle kinases

Inflammation in Parkinson's disease: causes and consequences

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with a prevalence of 0.5-1 % among persons older than 65 years of age (Toulouse &amp; Sullivan, 2008). The incidence increases to 2.6 % in persons aged 85 and older, and has a mean age of onset of 55 years. Statistics released in 1990 from

We’re Not Barbie Girls: Tweens Transform a Feminine Icon

“Reinventing Barbie” was a workshop for middle-school girls to discuss, critique, and reflect on the construction of female bodies and feminine identities in popular culture by remaking Barbie dolls. The workshop was designed to foster conversations with and among girls about what it means to be embodied as female in American culture. The girls reconstructed Barbies based on their reflections, and then they came together to discuss their dolls as expressions of their visions for transforming the feminine. The article analyzes the collaborative process of the workshop, which was grounded in women’s studies scholarship and developed by an interdisciplinary group of feminist academics

Systemic Administration of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Ameliorates Murine Inflammatory Arthritis

The expression of various cell surface molecules and the production of certain cytokines are important mechanisms by which dendritic cells (DC) are able to bias immune responses. This paper describes the effects of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on DC phenotype and function. TNF-α treatment resulted in upregulation of MHC class II and CD86 in the absence of increased cell surface CD40 and CD80 or the production of IL-12. Additionally TNF-α treated cells were able to bias T cell responses towards an anti-inflammatory profile. On a note of caution this tolerogenic phenotype of the DC was not stable upon subsequent TLR-4 ligation as a 4 hour pulse of the TNF-α treated DC with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in the restoration of IL-12 production and an enhancement of their T cell stimulatory capacity which resulted in an increased IFN-γ production. However, TNF-α treated DC, when administered in vivo, were shown to ameliorate disease in collagen induced arthritis, an experimental model of inflammatory joint disease. Mice receiving TNF-α treated DC but not LPS matured DC had a delayed onset, and significantly reduced severity, of arthritis. Disease suppression was associated with reduced levels of collagen specific IgG2a and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration into affected joints. In summary the treatment of DC with TNF-α generates an antigen presenting cell with a phenotype that can reduce the pro-inflammatory response and direct the immune system towards a disease modifying, anti-inflammatory state