Projecting the Economic Impact of the Fayetteville Shale Play for 2005-2008

This study projects the general economic impact from exploration and development activities related to the Fayetteville Shale. The Fayetteville Shale is an unconventional gas reservoir located on the Arkansas side of the Arkoma Basin, ranging in thickness from 50 to 325 feet and ranging in depth from 1,500 to 6,500 feet. The Fayetteville Shale is aerially extensive and may be present across numerous counties in central and eastern Arkansas, including the counties of Cleburne, Conway, Faulkner, Independence, Johnson, St. Francis, Prairie, Van Buren, White, and Woodruff

Projecting the Economic Impact of the Fayetteville Shale Play for 2005-2008

This study projects the general economic impact from exploration and development activities related to the Fayetteville Shale. The Fayetteville Shale is an unconventional gas reservoir located on the Arkansas side of the Arkoma Basin, ranging in thickness from 50 to 325 feet and ranging in depth from 1,500 to 6,500 feet. The Fayetteville Shale is aerially extensive and may be present across numerous counties in central and eastern Arkansas, including the counties of Cleburne, Conway, Faulkner, Independence, Johnson, St. Francis, Prairie, Van Buren, White, and Woodruff

Survey of the Labor Market for New Ph.D. Hires in Economics 2005-2006

This year, the survey questionnaire was sent to 372 organizations. Questionnaires were returned by 150 (40.3 percent) for a response rate that was lower than the 2004-05-survey response rate of 49.1 percent. Of this year’s responses, 102 (68.0 percent) were from those who responded to last year’s survey; 48 (32.0 percent) came from new respondents. Among the academic institutions responding, the distribution of highest degrees offered was as follows: Ph.D.—32.0 percent; Master—14.7 percent; Bachelor—39.3 percent. The remaining 14.0 percent did not indicate their highest degree offered. One of the respondents was a non-academic organization. The responses are reported for all respondents (including the non-academic institution and schools that did not report “highest degree offered”), and separately for Ph.D. degree-granting institutions and for schools whose highest degree offered is the Bachelor or Master degree. Data for institutions in the National Research Council’s Research Doctorate Report, 1995, are reported as a subset of Ph.D. degree-granting schools. They are referred to as the Top 30

Novel Methodology for Scaling and Simulating Structural Behaviour for Soil-Structure Systems Subjected to Extreme Loading Conditions

This paper is concerned with the calibration and validation of a numerical procedure for the analysis of pile performance in soft clays during seismic soil–pile–superstructure interaction (SSPSI) scenarios. Currently, there are no widely accepted methods or guidelines. Centrifuge and shaking table model tests are often used to supplement the available field case histories with the data obtained under controlled conditions. This paper presents a new calibration method for establishing a reliable and accurate relationship between full-scale numerical analysis and scaled laboratory tests in a 1g environment. A sophisticated approach to scaling and validating full-scale seismic soil–structure interaction problems is proposed that considers the scaling concept of implied prototypes as well as “modelling of models” techniques that can ensure an excellent level of accuracy. In this study, a new methodology was developed that can provide an accurate, practical, and scientific calibration for the relationship between full-scale numerical analysis and scaled laboratory tests in the 1g environment. The framework can be followed by researchers who intend to validate their seismic soil–structure interaction findings

Survey of the Labor Market for New Ph.D. Hires in Economics 2006-2007

This year, the survey questionnaire was sent to 385 organizations. Questionnaires were returned by 160 (41.6 percent) for a response rate that was higher than the 2005-06-survey response rate of 40.3 percent. Of this year’s responses, 92 (57.9 percent) were from those who responded to last year’s survey; 68 (42.1 percent) came from new respondents. Among the academic institutions responding, the distribution of highest degrees offered was as follows: Ph.D.—41.3 percent; Master—20.0 percent; Bachelor—38.8 percent. The responses are reported for all respondents, and separately for Ph.D. degree-granting institutions and for schools whose highest degree offered is the Bachelor or Master degree. Data for institutions in the National Research Council’s Research Doctorate Report, 1995, are reported as a subset of Ph.D. degree-granting schools. They are referred to as the Top 30

Survey of the Labor Market for New Ph.D. Hires in Economics 2005-2006

This year, the survey questionnaire was sent to 372 organizations. Questionnaires were returned by 150 (40.3 percent) for a response rate that was lower than the 2004-05-survey response rate of 49.1 percent. Of this year’s responses, 102 (68.0 percent) were from those who responded to last year’s survey; 48 (32.0 percent) came from new respondents. Among the academic institutions responding, the distribution of highest degrees offered was as follows: Ph.D.—32.0 percent; Master—14.7 percent; Bachelor—39.3 percent. The remaining 14.0 percent did not indicate their highest degree offered. One of the respondents was a non-academic organization. The responses are reported for all respondents (including the non-academic institution and schools that did not report “highest degree offered”), and separately for Ph.D. degree-granting institutions and for schools whose highest degree offered is the Bachelor or Master degree. Data for institutions in the National Research Council’s Research Doctorate Report, 1995, are reported as a subset of Ph.D. degree-granting schools. They are referred to as the Top 30

Survey of the Labor Market for New Ph.D. Hires in Economics 2004-2005

This year, the survey questionnaire was sent to 371 organizations. Questionnaires were returned by 182 (49.1 percent) for a response rate that was higher than the 2003-04-survey response rate of 48.4 percent. Of this year’s responses, 120 (65.9 percent) were from among those who responded to last year’s survey; 62 (34.1 percent) came from new respondents. Among the academic institutions responding, the distribution of highest degrees offered was as follows: Ph.D.—44.5 percent; Master—13.2 percent; Bachelor—33.0 percent. The remaining 9.3 percent did not indicate their highest degree offered. Two of the respondents were non-academic organizations. The responses are reported for all respondents (including the non-academic institutions and schools that did not report “highest degree offered”), and separately for Ph.D. degree-granting institutions and for schools whose highest degree offered is the Bachelor or Master degree. Data for institutions in the National Research Council’s Research Doctorate Report, 1995, are reported as a subset of Ph.D. degree-granting schools. They are referred to as the Top 30

Fyn and PTP-PEST–mediated Regulation of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASp) Tyrosine Phosphorylation Is Required for Coupling T Cell Antigen Receptor Engagement to WASp Effector Function and T Cell Activation

Involvement of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) in promoting cell activation requires its release from autoinhibitory structural constraints and has been attributed to WASp association with activated cdc42. Here, however, we show that T cell development and T cell receptor (TCR)-induced proliferation and actin polymerization proceed normally in WASp−/− mice expressing a WASp transgene lacking the cdc42 binding domain. By contrast, mutation of tyrosine residue Y291, identified here as the major site of TCR-induced WASp tyrosine phosphorylation, abrogated induction of WASp tyrosine phosphorylation and its effector activities, including nuclear factor of activated T cell transcriptional activity, actin polymerization, and immunological synapse formation. TCR-induced WASp tyrosine phosphorylation was also disrupted in T cells lacking Fyn, a kinase shown here to bind, colocalize with, and phosphorylate WASp. By contrast, WASp was tyrosine dephosphorylated by protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-PEST, a tyrosine phosphatase shown here to interact with WASp via proline, serine, threonine phosphatase interacting protein (PSTPIP)1 binding. Although Fyn enhanced WASp-mediated Arp2/3 activation and was required for synapse formation, PTP-PEST combined with PSTPIP1 inhibited WASp-driven actin polymerization and synapse formation. These observations identify key roles for Fyn and PTP-PEST in regulating WASp and imply that inducible WASp tyrosine phosphorylation can occur independently of cdc42 binding, but unlike the cdc42 interaction, is absolutely required for WASp contributions to T cell activation

In vitro models of the liver : disease modeling, drug discovery and clinical applications

In vitro models of the liver have led to important insights into the pathogenesis of liver disease. These models are essential tools in the discovery and preclinical stages of drug development. The clinical application of these models is also emerging as a promising avenue for validating genetic target-matched treatments, in a precision medicine approach to treatment. Recent advances in ‘liver-on-a-chip’ technology and liver organoid research have opened up new opportunities for the functional and clinical use of organotypic in vitro models. This chapter focuses on the currently available in vitro liver models and the opportunities and limitations they present in the context of evaluating their use in disease modeling, drug discovery, and clinical application