10,087 research outputs found
Ocean-atmospheric state dependence of the atmospheric response to Arctic sea ice loss
This is the final version of the article. Available from American Meteorological Society via the DOI in this record.The Arctic is warming faster than the global average. This disproportionate
warming – known as Arctic amplification – has caused significant local
changes to the Arctic system and more uncertain remote changes across the
Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. Here, we use an atmospheric general circulation
model (AGCM) to test the sensitivity of the atmospheric and surface
response to Arctic sea ice loss to the phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
(AMO), which varies on (multi-)decadal timescales. Four experiments
are performed, combining low and high sea ice states with global sea surface
temperature (SST) anomalies associated with opposite phases of the AMO. A
trough-ridge-trough response to wintertime sea ice loss is seen in the PacificNorth
America sector in the negative phase of the AMO. We propose that
this is a consequence of an increased meridional temperature gradient in response
to sea ice loss, just south of the climatological maximum, in the central
midlatitude North Pacific. This causes a southward shift in the North Pacific
storm track, which strengthens the Aleutian Low with circulation anomalies
propagating into North America. While the climate response to sea ice loss
is sensitive to AMO-related SST anomalies in the North Pacific, there is little
sensitivity to larger magnitude SST anomalies in the North Atlantic. With
background ocean-atmospheric states persisting for a number of years, there
is the potential to improve predictions of the impacts of Arctic sea ice loss on
decadal timescalesThis work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council
grants NE/M006123/1 and NE/J019585/1. The HadGAM2 simulations were performed on the
ARCHER UK National Supercomputing Service. For the provision of observed and reanalysis
data the Met Office Hadley Centre and NOAA ESRL are thanked. Model data are available from
the authors upon request
A qualitative study of work-life balance amongst specialist orthodontists in the United Kingdom
Objective: To identify factors affecting work-life balance amongst male and female orthodontists in the United Kingdom. Design: A qualitative interview-based study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects: Specialist orthodontists working in specialist practice and the hospital service in the United Kingdom were selected by purposive sampling. Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with eighteen orthodontic specialists. Interview transcripts were analysed using Framework Analysis. Results: Four main themes pertaining to work-life balance in orthodontics were identified: work factors affecting work-life balance, life factors affecting worklife balance, perception and effects of work-life balance and suggestions for managing work-life balance within the profession. Conclusions: There was substantial variation in the work-life balance of the orthodontists interviewed in this study; however the majority reported high levels of career satisfaction despite difficulties maintaining a good work-life balance. Whilst there were some clear distinctions in the factors affecting work-life balance between the hospital environment and specialist practice (including additional professional commitments and teaching/training related issues), there were also a number of similarities. These included, the lack of flexibility in the working day, managing patient expectations, taking time off work at short notice and the ability to work part-time
Research reports on the diagnosis and detection; environment and infection; and evaluation of interventions on infectious diseases.
published_or_final_versio
Chinese University of Hong Kong portfolio of basic, epidemiological, public health and clinical research on a diverse range of potentially emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
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Evaluation of the orthodontic component of the hypodontia care pathway
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated patients’ experiences of the Hypodontia Care Pathway at a large teaching hospital at key stages: specifically patient expectations/experience following the diagnosis of hypodontia and then patient satisfaction with the orthodontic care received and the outcome at the end of active orthodontic treatment. METHODOLOGY: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty hypodontia patients following completion of orthodontic treatment but prior to any planned prosthodontic treatment commencing. Interviews were analysed qualitatively, using a framework approach. RESULTS: The framework analysis identified four main themes: perceptions of treatment, impact of the original malocclusion and the treatment process, the care team and communication. The themes were then further divided into subthemes. DISCUSSION: There was a large amount of positive feedback and the importance of the patient-clinician relationship was evident throughout. Where negative feedback was provided it mainly related to communication and areas were identified where change could take place in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Positive feedback was received and the importance of patient-clinician rapport was highlighted in all interviews. The main areas for improvement related to the importance of ensuring optimum communication, particularly with a cohort of patients who are often undergoing complex multidisciplinary treatment. Recommendations for the service have been made
The University of Hong Kong portfolio of basic research on emerging infectious diseases
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Foraminifera resist ocean acidification in the Wagner Basin under conditions similar to high CO2 environments of the Cretaceous-Paleogene
Parton Distributions for Event Generators
In this paper, conventional Global QCD analysis is generalized to produce
parton distributions optimized for use with event generators at the LHC. This
optimization is accomplished by combining the constraints due to existing
hard-scattering experimental data with those from anticipated cross sections
for key representative SM processes at LHC (by the best available theory) as
joint input to the global analyses. The PDFs obtained in these new type of
global analyses using matrix elements calculated in any given order will be
best suited to work with event generators of that order, for predictions at the
LHC. This is most useful for LO event generators at present. Results obtained
from a few candidate PDF sets (labeled as CT09MCS, CT09MC1 and CT09MC2) for LO
event generators produced in this way are compared with those from other
approaches.Comment: 35 pages, 19 figures, and 4 table
Research fund for the control of infectious diseases: commissioned studies
Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Diseases: Research Dissemination Reportspublished_or_final_versio
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