Effects of beach remourishment on the benthic macrofauna and the fishes of the nearshore zone at Sebastian Inlet State Recreation Area

Approximately 100,000 cubic yards of sand was transported to the ocean beach to renourish the eroded beach front during the period December 1985 through May 1986. The ocean beach at Sebastian Inlet SRA was previously studied in a project examining the benthic macrofauna and the fishes of the nearshore zone during 1981-1982 (Allenbaugh, 1984; Peters, 1984; Nelson, unpublished). In view of the existing data, the US Army Corps of Engineers provided funding to study the effects of the beach renourishment activities at Sebastian Inlet SRA on the benthic macrofauna and the fishes of the nearshore zone. This is the report on the results of this study

Encountering stereotype threat in the workplace : how lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender employees meet the challenge of negative stereotyping.

Employee retention continues to be a major drain on the resources of organizations, especially in terms of personnel, productivity, and financial resources. One of the primary motivators of employee turnovers established by research is the issue of unfairness in the workplace. This study investigated the dimensions of unfairness related to being a lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender employee. Specifically, the issue of stereotype threat and its effect on job performance was explored. Using an on-line survey, members of LGBT labor union caucuses and LGBT employee resource groups were asked to complete a questionnaire that assessed demographic differences and responses to issues of self-monitoring, concern for appropriateness, and self-efficacy as they related to the employee\u27s experience of stereotype and job performance. Hierarchical regression analyses and structural equation modeling were used to ascertain the effect and systemic relationships between the variables. This study documented the presence of stereotype threat in the workplace. It was also found that self-efficacy completely mediates the effect of stereotype threat on job performance. Furthermore, more subtle indirect effects of stereotype threat were found. Additionally, mechanisms that affect how the employee adapts to his/her situation were explored. It was concluded that stereotyping of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender employees can directly and indirectly affect the levels of job performance in the workplace. In short, when an employee feels unfairly treated the likelihood of employee turnovers increases

Parasites of Shrews in Brookings County, South Dakota

The short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda, and the masked shrew, Sorex cinereus, are the two representatives of the shrew family in Brookings County, South Dakota. These mammals, by the very fact that they are insectivores, are potential hosts for a varied fauna of parasites, as insects serve as intermediate hosts for a number of helminths. Although shrews are insectivores, they are omnivorous. An opportunist, the shrew will consume an abundance of any available food. They have been known to feed on a bird\u27s nest (Horvath, 1965) and attack a garter snake (Byle, 1965). Hair from various small mammals was found in the digestive tract of short-tailed shrews examined by Lutz (1964). Lutz (1964) described four fairly distinct strata in the short-tailed shrew\u27s earthly habitat. The first stratum is the upper litter or surface. The second stratum is the soil-litter interface. It is at this level that the shrew does his primary foraging for snails, beetles, and other invertebrates. Below these two strata are the tunnel systems. This is the first survey study of shrew parasites in the upper Midwest. In South Dakota, Fasbender (1956) described Hymenolepis anthocephalus, a cestode from B. brevicauda. The shrews collected for that study were from an area approximately one hundred miles south of Brookings. The species described was not recovered in the present study. Two other survey studies conducted in different parts of the country include one by Oswald (1958), in which he described numerous helminths from the short-tailed shrew in Ohio. The other survey study was conducted by Rausch (1962). In it he described a number of helminths taken from a shrew-mole, Neurotrichus gibbsii, in Oregon. Outside of the United States, survey studies have been conducted by Sharpe (1964) in England and by Lewis (1968) in Wales. The importance of the last studies lies not so much in the particular species of helminths discovered, but together with the two survey studies from the United States they help to point out the tremendous variability of parasitic fauna possible for shrews