Le coût du libre accès dans le cas du modèle hybride

peer reviewedL'article présente un nouveau schéma de publication par lequel les éditeurs de revues "traditionnelles" proposent aux auteurs de payer des frais afin que leur article soit directement en accès libre. Dans cet article est comparé le coût d'accès à l'information suivant ce modèle par rapport à celui de l'accès par abonnement institutionnel. Les informations utilisées pour réaliser cette estimation sont basées sur des données provenant de l'Université de Liège

L'impact d'un programme de formation en incontinence urinaire sur les infirmières généralistes recevant la formation et sur les personnes âgées incontinentes

Malgré la forte prévalence de l'incontinence urinaire, l'importance de sa morbidité et son impact économique, cette condition clinique demeure négligée. Pourtant, différentes interventions sont possibles pour traiter les personnes incontinentes mais seuls les spécialistes y auraient recours. Il apparaît que les infirmières généralistes interviennent souvent pour traiter des personnes âgées souffrant d'incontinence urinaire, toutefois il semble que leur formation ne serait pas tout à fait adéquate pour les soigner. L'efficacité de programmes de formation en incontinence urinaire destinés à des infirmières généralistes est peu documentée. La recherche, l'évaluation, l'implantation de programmes de formation efficaces dans ce domaine sont souhaitables. L'étude quasi-expérimentale visait à évaluer l'impact à court et à moyen terme d'un programme de formation en incontinence urinaire sur les infirmières généralistes et sur leurs patients. Les objectifs spécifiques étaient de : 1. évaluer l'impact du programme sur les connaissances des infirmières sur l'incontinence urinaire, leurs habiletés à bien planifier une intervention et leurs attitudes face à l'incontinence urinaire; 2. évaluer, le cas échéant, l'impact de l'amélioration des connaissances, des habiletés et des attitudes des infirmières sur l'incontinence urinaire des patients et leur qualité de vie. L'échantillon d'infirmières a été subdivisé en un groupe expérimental et un groupe témoin. Durant les trois premières semaines, le groupe expérimental a suivi la formation; par la suite celle-ci a été offerte au groupe témoin qui est devenu à son tour un groupe expérimental. Les sujets ont participé à une séance de formation hebdomadaire d'une durée de trois heures chacune et échelonnée sur trois semaines. Cette formation favorisait l'intégration des savoirs par l'utilisation de l'approche par compétences et la méthode des cas. L'application des mesures s'est effectuée en trois temps pour les infirmières expérimentales et en quatre temps pour les infirmières témoins. Quant aux patients, ils ne formaient qu'un seul groupe expérimental et ont été évalués en trois temps. Sept infirmières généralistes formaient le groupe expérimental et dix, le groupe témoin. Après la formation, les connaissances se sont améliorées dans le groupe expérimental (p=0,018); les habiletés ont eu tendance à s'améliorer dans ce groupe tandis qu'elles diminuaient de façon significative dans le groupe témoin (p=0,005). Les connaissances et les habiletés ainsi acquises ont persisté deux mois après la formation. Par contre, nous observons peu de changement au plan des attitudes (p>0,05). D'autre part, vingt-quatre personnes âgées incontinentes vivant à domicile ont participé à l'étude. Deux mois après la fin de la formation des infirmières, l'incontinence urinaire et la qualité de vie des participants se sont améliorées mais ces différences ne sont pas significatives (p=0,054 et 0,212 respectivement). Cependant, ces deux variables se sont améliorées de façon significative six mois après la formation (p=0,002 et 0,001 respectivement). Les résultats laissent supposer qu'un programme de formation en incontinence urinaire utilisant l'approche par compétences et la méthode des cas favoriserait l'intégration des apprentissages chez les infirmières participantes. Les résultats suggèrent aussi que des soins provenant d'infirmières bien formées apporteraient des améliorations au niveau de l'incontinence urinaire et de la qualité de vie chez des personnes âgées incontinentes vivant à domicile. Les retombées pour la pratique concernent principalement la nécessité d'intégrer des notions théoriques et pratiques sur l'incontinence urinaire dans la formation des infirmières généralistes; l'importance d'inclure un plan d'intervention en incontinence urinaire afin qu'elles puissent évaluer le patient et élaborer une stratégie d'intervention et de suivi auprès de celui-ci. Finalement, il apparaît nécessaire de poursuivre la recherche sur les pratiques des infirmières pour développer des programmes de formation innovateurs visant à réduire l'incontinence urinaire et améliorer la qualité de vie des personnes âgées

Qualitative Comparison between the Quantum Calculations and Electrospray Mass Spectra of Complexes of Polyammonium Macrotricyclic Ligands with Dicarboxylic Acids

The host-guest interactions play a very important role in chemical and biological processes. It is therefore important to be able to characterize these complexes. Electrospray mass spectrometry can be used to characterize the complex formation. It provides information on the mass and the charge of these ionic complexes. In this article, we show that the use of ab initio and semiempirical calculations, in addition to the results obtained by electrospray mass spectrometry, reveal to be a promising tool for the study of these noncovalent complexes. In this article, host-guest complexes formed by macropolycyclic polyammonium host molecules and dicarboxylic acids are studied

Recidivism Risk Assessment for Aboriginal Males: A Brief Review of the Scientific Literature

No level of violent recidivism is acceptable to Correctional Service of Canada staff or the Canadian public. Among other tools, CSC staff use counselling, supervision, education, and treatment programs to ensure the safe community reintegration of eligible offenders. The core method of determining risk for recidivism is an actuarially-based risk assessment instrument. The general process of contemporary risk assessment is outlined in this paper revealing a number of efficient and effective measures suitable for all male offender populations. Theory and research are reviewed showing that established risk prediction factors such as age, criminal history, anti-social peers, anti-social attitudes, and substance abuse predict criminal recidivism for all offenders regardless of cultural, racial, or geographic heritage. The majority of these validated risk assessment instruments have moderate predictive power for all male offenders. Seven of these instruments are individually reviewed with regard to their use with Aboriginal groups. This paper concludes with recommendations for further research on risk assessment among cultural groups

The sooner, the better: Early reading to children

As reading to children plays an important role in language development, primary caregivers are often encouraged to read to their children from a very young age. However, little is known about the age at which such reading should start. The linguistic skills of 104 children were assessed shortly before school entry. Their parents were asked how old their children were when they first read to them and how often they had read to their children. Almost half of the study children were read to before they were 6 months old. The age at which children were first read to was closely associated with family characteristics such as socioeconomic status, the frequency with which children were read to as preschoolers, and with children’s linguistic and cognitive competencies. The findings imply that reading books to very young children indeed contributes meaningfully to a favorable home literacy environment and supports children’s language development

The Sooner, the Better: Early Reading to Children

As reading to children plays an important role in language development, primary caregivers are often encouraged to read to their children from a very young age. However, little is known about the age at which such reading should start. The linguistic skills of 104 children were assessed shortly before school entry. Their parents were asked how old their children were when they first read to them and how often they had read to their children. Almost half of the study children were read to before they were 6 months old. The age at which children were first read to was closely associated with family characteristics such as socioeconomic status, the frequency with which children were read to as preschoolers, and with children's linguistic and cognitive competencies. The findings imply that reading books to very young children indeed contributes meaningfully to a favorable home literacy environment and supports children's language development

Les cinq piliers de la maîtrise de l'information scientifique

Référentiel sur la maîtrise de l’information (information literacy) réalisé par le réseau des bibliothèques de l’Université de Liège (Belgique)Comprend des références bibliographique

Transcription factor binding sites in the pol gene intragenic regulatory region of HIV-1 are important for virus infectivity

We have previously identified in the pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) a new positive transcriptional regulatory element (nt 4481–4982) containing recognition sites for nuclear proteins (sites B, C, D and a GC-box) [C. Van Lint, J. Ghysdael, P. Paras, Jr, A. Burny and E. Verdin (1994) J. Virol. 68, 2632–2648]. In this study, we have further physically characterized each binding site and have shown that the transcription factors Oct-1, Oct-2, PU.1, Sp1 and Sp3 interact in vitro with the pol region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays using HIV-infected cell lines demonstrated in the context of chromatin that Sp1, Sp3, Oct-1 and PU.1 are recruited to the HS7 region in vivo. For each site, we have identified mutations abolishing factor binding to their cognate DNA sequences without altering the underlying amino acid sequence of the integrase. By transient transfection assays, we have demonstrated the involvement of the pol binding sites in the transcriptional enhancing activity of the intragenic region. Our functional results with multimerized wild-type and mutated pol binding sites separately (i.e. in the absence of the other sites) have demonstrated that the PU.1, Sp1, Sp3 and Oct-1 transcription factors regulate the transcriptional activity of a heterologous promoter through their respective HS7 binding sites. Finally, we have investigated the physiological role of the HS7 binding sites in HIV-1 replication and have shown that these sites are important for viral infectivity

Eccrine Porocarcinoma: A Challenging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tumoral Entity

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignant cutaneous tumor with high rates of extracutaneous spread, and its diagnosis and management can be quite challenging. This is a case of an 82-year-old woman presenting with an asymptomatic and chronic pubic skin lesion for whom the work-up required many investigations and procedures to confirm the diagnosis of metastatic eccrine porocarcinoma. Indeed, the patient underwent a wide local excision of the skin lesion, imaging with an FDG-PET scan, a colonoscopy, and two inguinal node dissections. As illustrated in this case, surgery should always be considered to achieve disease remission. Other treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have also been reported in the literature without clear standard guidelines

Platelet-rich plasma to treat jumper’s knee: preliminary results

peer reviewedIntroduction: Tendinopathies, especially jumper’s knee, often remain rebel to conservative treatments. Several experimental studies have shown the healing properties of platelet and their growth factors. Researches have specifically demonstrated the platelets action as mediator and/or enhancer of tissue healing. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of 1 injection of PRP in patients suffering from chronic jumper’s knee. Our protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of University and University Hospital of Liège. Methods: Patients performed imaging (US and MRI) and functional assessments, and a clinical examination using an algometer, before treatment and 6 weeks after PRP treatment. They were also invited to answer to questionnaire relative to pain and functional status. PRP was obtained from autologous blood using an apheresis system (COM.TEC, Fresenius). The injection of 6mL of PRP was realised without local anaesthesia into the proximal insertion of the patellar tendon. A 48h rest-time was recommended after infiltration. Afterwards, a submaximal eccentric reeducation was initiated 1 week after infiltration 3 times a week during 5 weeks. In case of pain, anti-inflammatory drugs were prohibited and patient were encouraged to take class I or II painbrakers. Results: At this time, 10 patients with jumper’s knee were included in our study. Pre-injection tests revealed pain of the upper part of the patellar tendon just below the patella, associated with loss of function. Imaging exams confirmed diagnosis. Six weeks post-injection, the clinical status was improved in all patients, with a significant decrease of algo-functional scores. The pain reported during functional assessments was decreased (in particular for the eccentric actions), yet no significant improvement of physical performances was observed. We found no significant differences between imaging exams before and 6 weeks after PRP injection. Conclusion: One in situ injection of PRP clinically improved patients with jumper’s knee 6 weeks after treatment. All the 10 patients reported a decrease of pain during day-life and through physical activities. However nor functional performances neither imaging were improved