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    Elaboraci贸n de biopreparados a base de Bacillus sp. para controlar Alternaria spp. en el cultivo de Brassica oleracea var. italica

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    Biological control using microorganisms is currently an important tool in obtaining safe food because the consumer worries about the residuals of chemicals present in the products he ingests; Biological control has been applied to an economically important crop such as that of broccoli, a vegetable that is mainly attacked by Alternaria spp. this mycopathogen causes significant losses to the producer. Within the research two phases were carried out, in the laboratory phase it proceeded to mass to Bacillus sp. using alternative culture media to develop liquid biopreparations based on soy flour, bean flour and panela, and for solid biopreparations, substrates such as wheat bran, barley rice, rice and peat were used. At the end of this phase, the liquid biopreparation based on bean flour and panela, and the solid biopreparation that had as a substrate to the wheat bran, were the treatments with the highest bacterial concentration. In the field phase the two biopreprados were tested using a DCA for the experimental design, the variation of the quantum efficiency of photosystem II was evaluated, without presenting significant difference for the treatments, the severity in the cultivation using a scale according to the number of lesions caused by the mycopathogen, the percentage of affectation of the area in leaves, percentage of infection in foils presenting a significant difference in at least one treatment, thus determining the effect biocontroller of Bacillus sp. to Alternaria spp.El control biol贸gico utilizando microrganismos en la actualidad es una herramienta importante en la obtenci贸n de alimentos inocuos ya que el consumidor se preocupa de la residualidad de qu铆micos presentes en los productos que ingiere. Se ha aplicado el control biol贸gico a un cultivo de importancia econ贸mica como lo es el de br贸coli, una hortaliza que es atacada principalmente por Alternaria spp. micopat贸geno que causa p茅rdidas significativas al productor. Dentro de la investigaci贸n se realizaron dos fases, en la fase de laboratorio se procedi贸 a masificar a Bacillus sp. utilizando medios de cultivo alternativos para elaborar biopreparados l铆quidos a base de harina de soya, harina de haba y panela, y para los biopreparados s贸lidos se utiliz贸 sustratos como el salvado de trigo, arroz de cebada, arroz y turba. Al finalizar esta fase el biopreparado l铆quido a base de harina de haba y panela, y el biopreparado s贸lido que tuvo como sustrato al salvado de trigo, fueron los tratamientos con mayor concentraci贸n bacteriana. En la fase de campo se probaron los dos biopreparados utilizando un DCA para el dise帽o experimental, se evalu贸 la variaci贸n de la eficiencia cu谩ntica del fotosistema II, sin presentar diferencia significativa para los tratamientos, la severidad en el cultivo utilizando una escala de acuerdo al n煤mero de lesiones causadas por el micopat贸geno, el porcentaje de afectaci贸n del 谩rea en hojas, porcentaje de infecci贸n en floretes present谩ndose una diferencia significativa en al menos un tratamiento, determinando as铆 el efecto biocontrolador de Bacillus sp. hacia Alternaria spp
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