Odds of progressing to chronic chikungunya-associated arthralgia after an initial presentation with only acute or interim chikungunya-associated arthralgia in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).

Odds of progressing to chronic chikungunya-associated arthralgia after an initial presentation with only acute or interim chikungunya-associated arthralgia in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).</p

Density plot of participants stratified by age range in years in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).

The percent of participants in this study across age are depicted using an age-density plot. Colors correspond to the age-ranges defined within the study (0–4, 5–9, 10–15, and 16+ years old). (TIF)</p

Reported polyarthralgia beyond the acute phase of chikungunya associated-arthralgia by body part and age in year in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).

Cluster dendrogram depicting the relationship between occurrence of polyarthralgia across the different body parts, with the y-axis representing the underlying cluster distance calculated using the Manhattan distance method. The cophenetic distance correlation coefficient is 0.95; the higher the cophenetic distance correlation coefficient is, the more appropriately the dendrogram represents a hierarchical structure present in the original data (A). Age trends of the prevalence of arthralgia among clustered body groups (B) and individual body parts (C), including the 95% confidence intervals, visualized using shading corresponding to each respective color group and depicted using a generalized additive model.</p

Prevalence of post-acute polyarthralgia by age and body part in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).

Prevalence of post-acute polyarthralgia by age and body part in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).</p

Risk factors for acute chikungunya-associated arthralgia in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).

Risk factors for acute chikungunya-associated arthralgia in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).</p

Kaplan-Meier plot showing the proportion of participants reporting arthralgia over time in years in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).

A Kaplan-Meier graph plotting the proportion of participants not reporting arthralgia (y-axis) against days since fever onset (x-axis). Ticks correspond to censoring events. Panels show the distribution of participants beginning 10 days post-fever onset and ending at the last reported data point based on the exclusion criteria (< 625 days post-fever onset), stratified by age range (A) and sex (B). The p-values were calculated using the log-rank test.</p

Prevalence of reports of arthralgia in the acute and post-acute phase in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).

Prevalence of reports of arthralgia in the acute and post-acute phase in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).</p

Hazards for chikungunya-associated arthralgia >10 days post-fever onset in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).

Hazards for chikungunya-associated arthralgia >10 days post-fever onset in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).</p

Age trends in years for the percentage of chikungunya-associated arthralgia cases in each defined phase in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).

Participants were considered as acute (10 days and 90 days) phase arthralgia cases (A) or considered as either acute (10 days) phase arthralgia cases (B), based on their last instance of arthralgia. Graphs include the 95% confidence intervals, visualized using shading corresponding to each respective color group and depicted using a generalized additive model. The y-axis reflects, out of all participants with reported arthralgia, what percent had their last instance of arthralgia in each given phase.</p

Proportion of visits with reports of arthralgia in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).

Proportion of visits with reports of arthralgia in Managua, Nicaragua (2014–2018).</p