Examination of Preschool Educators\u27 Implementation of Motor Activities

This project was designed to obtain and analyze data pertaining to a teacher’s understanding of movement education in a preschool program. The purpose of this research was to conduct a case study to examine a preschool educator’s knowledge and use of motor activities in the classroom. The preschool teacher was observed and interviewed. The teacher was given a survey that included questions about aspects of motor development in preschool classrooms in early childhood centers, and whether professional development training in motor learning had been offered for early childhood educators

Mothers\u27 Eating Beliefs and Behaviors and Their Relationship to Daughters\u27 Bulimic and Anorexic Symptoms

The present study examined whether there was a relationship between daughters\u27 eating disorder symptomology and maternal food control and health-conscious eating attitudes. Eighty-eight females with a continuum of eating disorder behaviors (DSM-IV eating disorders through nondieters) and 74 of their mothers participated. Participants completed the Anorexia Bulimia Inventory, two subscales from the Eating Disorder Inventory, the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire , the Family Environment Scale, the Maternal Food Control and Meal Preparation Scale, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results indicated that, in general, daughters\u27 reported eating disorder symptomology and perceived familial control were related. Some of the more specific maternal food control variables perceived by daughters were also related to their reported symptomology. Yet, maternal reports on these same variables tended not to correspond to daughters\u27 reported symptomology. Specifically, regression analyses indicated that a combination of perceived high familial control, perceived low maternal concern with healthy meal preparation and restriction, and perceived high maternal anxiety regarding healthy eating predicted higher levels of reported anorexic symptomology. Similar variables predicted reported bulimic symptomology, but only increased general familial control predicted symptoms characteristic of both disorders. Analyses also revealed that daughters\u27 eating disorder symptomology tended to be inversely related to responding in a socially desirable manner. Perceptual differences were noted and discussed between mothers\u27 and daughters\u27 reports of familial control. Lastly, mothers\u27 report of food control was not correlated with reported familial control. This study was the first to examine the more specific maternal control issues, maternal health-conscious attitudes, and their relationship to daughters\u27 maladaptive eating behaviors. The results of the present study are consistent with the speculation that a combination of daughters\u27 perception of high familial control, high maternal anxieties about children\u27s eating practices, and low maternal concern with healthy meal preparation might contribute to the development or maintenance of anorexic and bulimic symptomology. Finally, limitations were discussed and recommendations were made for future research

Perceptual Spaces Induced by Cochlear Implant All-Polar Stimulation Mode

It has been argued that a main limitation of the cochlear implant is the spread of current induced by each electrode, which activates an inappropriately large range of sensory neurons. To reduce this spread, an alternative stimulation mode, the all-polar mode, was tested with five participants. It was designed to activate all the electrodes simultaneously with appropriate current levels and polarities to recruit narrower regions of auditory nerves at specific intracochlear electrode positions (denoted all-polar electrodes). In this study, the all-polar mode was compared with the current commercial stimulation mode: the monopolar mode. The participants were asked to judge the sound dissimilarity between pairs of two-electrode pulse-train stimuli that differed in the electrode positions and were presented in either monopolar or all-polar mode with pulses on the two electrodes presented either sequentially or simultaneously. The dissimilarity ratings were analyzed using a multidimensional scaling technique and three-dimensional stimulus perceptual spaces were produced. For all the conditions (mode and simultaneity), the first perceptual dimension was highly correlated with the position of the most apical activated electrode of the electrical stimulation and the second dimension with the position of the most basal electrode. In both sequential and simultaneous conditions, the monopolar and all-polar stimuli were significantly separated by a third dimension, which may indicate that all-polar stimuli have a perceptual quality that differs from monopolar stimuli. Overall, the results suggest that both modes might successfully represent spectral information in a sound processing strategy

Gender and Race Sorting at the Application Interface

We document gender and race sorting of candidates into various jobs at the point of initial application to a company. At this step of the hiring process, the firm has implemented a policy whereby organizational screeners’ discretion has been eliminated such that there is no opportunity for contact between hiring agents and applicants. Thus, the job choices studied here offer unique insight as they are uncontaminated by screeners’ steering of candidates toward gender- or race-typed jobs. Even in the absence of steering, we find clear patterns of gendered job choices that line up with gender stereotypes of job roles. Moreover, these gendered patterns recur both within individuals and within race groups. Comparing our findings to the pattern of job sorting in the external local labor market, we find that supply-side factors do not fully account for the levels of race and gender segregation observed in the open labor market. Although probably not the entire story, it is clear that supply-side gender sorting processes cannot be ruled out as important factors contributing to job sex segregation

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound identifies early extrahepatic collateral contributing to residual hepatocellular tumor viability after transarterial chemoembolization.

The mainstay of treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma is locoregional therapy including percutaneous ablation and transarterial chemo- and radioembolization. While monitoring for tumor response after transarterial chemoembolization is crucial, current imaging strategies are suboptimal. The standard of care is contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography imaging performed at least 4 to 6 weeks after therapy. We present a case in which contrast-enhanced ultrasound identified a specific extra-hepatic collateral from the gastroduodenal artery supplying residual viable tumor and assisting with directed transarterial management