Royale with Cheese: The Effect of Globalization on the Variety of Goods

The key result of the so-called “New Trade Theory” is that countries gain from falling trade costs by an increase in the number of varieties available to consumers. Though the number of varieties in a given country rises, it is also true that global variety decreases from increased competition wherein imported varieties drive out some local varieties. This second result is a major issue for anti-trade activists who criticize the move towards free trade as promoting homogenization” or “Americanization” of varieties across countries. We present a model of endogenous entry with heterogeneous firms which models this concern in two ways: a portion of a consumer’s income is spent overseas (i.e. tourism) and an existence value (a common tool in environmental economics where simply knowing that a species exists provides utility). Since lowering trade costs induces additional varieties to export and drives out some non-exported varieties, these modifications result in welfare losses not accounted for in the existing literature. Nevertheless, it is only through the existence value that welfare can fall as a result of declining trade barriers. Thus, for these criticisms of globalization to dominate, it must be that this loss in the existence value outweighs the direct benefits from consumption.firm heterogeneity; tourism

Optimal Tariffs, Tariff Jumping, and Heterogeneous Firms

The majority of research to date investigating strategic tariffs in the presence of multinationals finds a knife-edge result where, in equilibrium, all foreign firms are either multinationals or exporters. Utilizing a model of heterogeneous firms, we find equilibria in which both pure exporters and multinationals coexist. We utilize this model to study the case of endogenously chosen tariffs. As is standard, Nash equilibrium tariffs are higher than the socially optimal tariffs. Unlike existing models with homogeneous firms, we find that non-cooperative tariffs promote the existence of low-productivity firms relative to the socially optimal tariffs. This highlights a new source of inefficiency from tariff competition not found in models of homogeneous firms. In addition, we find that in many cases the Nash equilibrium tariff when FDI is a potential firm structure is lower than when it is not. As a result, FDI improves welfare by mitigating tariff competition.Intra-industry Trade; Trade policy; Firm heterogeneity; Monopolistic competition

Analyze the Air Force Methods for Facility Sustainment and Restoration

The Department of Defense (DoD) is improving the procedures for identifying, advocating, allocating funding, and accomplishing facility requirements to improve the readiness capability to support the mission. The purposes of this research were to fully explore the methodologies employed by the Air Force (AF) and try to capitalize on industry standard practices to improve the AF methods. Industry has conducted extensive research devoted to the development of predictive models to estimate facility maintenance or sustainment requirements. The DoD and the AF have already implemented the facility sustainment model (FSM) to predict facility sustainment requirements; now however, they are struggling with a justifiable methodology for predicting facility repair or restoration requirements. This research used statistical stepwise regression with historical AF facility requirement cost data for the last five years, in an attempt to develop a predictive model. The analysis results were not significant and did not result in an accurate predictive model, but the methodology and background research did produce some positive results. Observations regarding AF facility requirement reporting tools were identified and recommendations for improved integration were made in the research

Meeting U.S. Defense Needs in Space: Effects of a Shrinking Defense Industrial Base on the Satellite Industry

U.S. defense industrial base (DIB) deterioration and increased DOD interest in space exploitation highlights the U.S. satellite industry as one DIB sector requiring analysis. Despite DIB problems, this industry must maintain the capability to produce advanced satellites for the DOD. Commercial Military Integration (CMI) will, according to experts, eliminate problems inherent with a separate DIB. This research focused on investigating satellite industry capability to meet DOD space requirements. Through literature review, case study analysis and interviews, effects of a shrinking DIB on the satellite industry were determined. A model for DIB strength was developed and analyzed through literature review. General Electric Aircraft Engines (GEAE) case study showed the potential for commercializing the DIB. Research focused on satellite industry executives whose perspectives illustrated industry capability to meet defense space needs. Results indicated continued DIB deterioration unless Government and defense industry leaders intervene. GEAE sales performance demonstrated how commercializing the DIB can provide stability. Interviews confirmed the satellite industry\u27s ability to meet defense needs, yet space architecture and launch vehicle issues must be addressed. Through flexible manufacturing, dual use and smaller, smart satellites/satellite services, this industry can produce high quality, inexpensive satellites for defense/commercial markets faster, providing additional surge/mobilization capability

Spin-exchange Cross Sections For Hydrogen-atomalkali-metal-atom Collisions

The pseudopotential molecular-structure method has been used to calculate the X1 and a3 interaction potentials for the alkali-metal-atom hydrogen-atom systems. These potentials were then used in a quantum-mechanical calculation to determine the spin-exchange cross sections in the energy range from 2.5x10-4 eV to 2.5 eV. The cross sections follow the general form Q1/2=a-b lnv. However, abundant structure on the cross sections is present due to orbiting resonances induced by the deeply bound well of the X1 molecular state. The spin-exchange cross sections range from 17x10-16 to 25x10-16 cm2 at room temperature for H(F=1) transferring to H(F=0) in collision with unpolarized lithium and cesium, respectively. © 1985 The American Physical Society

The Solubility and Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of Some Tetraphenylarsonium Compounds

The tetraphenylarsonium perchlorate, perrhenate, pennanganate, tetraphenylborate, dichromate, trichoro-cobaltate (II) and tetrachlorozincate (II) salts were isolated and characterized. The solubilities of the pure salts in water at 25° were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Thermal data were obtained for the pure salts using the technique of thermal gravimetric analysis. Results of the above studies show that tetraphenylarsonium chloride is valuable as a precipitant for perchlorate and perrhenate ions. The reagent also shows promise as a precipitant for the dichromate and tetraphenylboron ions

Sentactics®: A Virtual Treatment of Underlying Forms

This study tested the effects of Sentactics®, a computer-automated version of Treatment of Underlying Forms (TUF). Results showed that treatment effects derived from Sentactics® replicated those of clinician-delivered TUF, improving agrammatic patients’ ability to comprehend and produce complex sentences and resulting in generalization to untrained linguistically related forms, of lesser complexity. Additionally, no differences were found in a comparison of the relative effectiveness of computer-delivered Sentactics® and clinician-delivered TUF. These results provide further support for the efficacy of the TUF protocol and demonstrate the viability of computerized therapies in the field of aphasia treatment

Royale with Cheese: The Effect of Globalization on the Variety of Goods

The key result of the so-called “New Trade Theory” is that countries gain from falling trade costs by an increase in the number of varieties available to consumers. Though the number of varieties in a given country rises, it is also true that global variety decreases from increased competition wherein imported varieties drive out some local varieties. This second result is a major issue for anti-trade activists who criticize the move towards free trade as promoting “homogenization” or “Americanization” of varieties across countries. We present a model of endogenous entry with heterogeneous firms which models this concern in two ways: a portion of a consumer’s income is spent overseas (i.e. tourism) and an existence value (a common tool in environmental economics where simply knowing that a species exists provides utility). Since lowering trade costs induces additional varieties to export and drives out some non-exported varieties, these modifications result in welfare losses not accounted for in the existing literature. Nevertheless, it is only through the existence value that welfare can fall as a result of declining trade barriers. Thus, for these criticisms of globalization to dominate, it must be that this loss in the existence value outweighs the direct benefits from consumption.Trade Theory, Globalization, Variety, Tourism

The effect on amplitude of accommodation, positive relative accommodation and negative relative accommodation when their test sequence is varied

The problem was to determine the effect on the magnitude of the amplitude of accommodation, positive relative accommodation and negative relative accommodation when their test sequence is varied. The solution of this problem would enable clinicians to better determine the best possible testing sequence for examination