Augmentation of the columella-labial angle to prevent the "Smiling deformity" in rhinoplasty

Aesthetic diagnosis of the smiling deformity, which is functional rather than anatomical, is essential to provide the best treatment in rhinoplasty. The nasal tip tends to rotate inferiorly during smiling, and the central upper lip moves superiorly. A posteriorly sloping upper lip with a retrodisplaced columella-labial junction gives an unaesthetic appearance. Downward movement of the tip and a sharper nasolabial angle are usually aesthetically unpleasant. In 28 nasal surgeries, augmentation of the columella-labial angle with cartilage strip grafts has been performed. The augmentation of the angle and additionally cutting of the depressor septi muscle created a wider nasolabial complex, and this angle looks full and more pleasant. This procedure has mainly been used as an additional procedure to standard reduction rhinoplasty in order to improve smiling deformity. Strip cartilage grafts were inserted subcutaneously into the upper lip extending half way to the columella and secured with a transcutaneous suture under the columella labial angle to prevent misslocation. Augmentation by the cartilage graft together with cutting the depressor septi muscle prevented elevation and shortening of the upper lip, and also drooping of the nasal tip. This procedure provided an aesthetically pleasant appearance both at rest and during smiling

AN ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT OF MASSIVE BURNS - SKIN ALLOGRAFTS AND CYCLOSPORINE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION WITHOUT SEVERE ADDITIONAL DEPRESSION OF CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY IN AN ANIMAL-MODEL

This study investigated the effects of early excision of eschar and grafting with cyclosporin immunosuppression on immunological changes following burn injury. The immunological status of the rat was studied using two in vivo measures following a (30 per cent TBSA) full skin thickness burn injury. Cyclosporin was found to be a powerful immunosuppressive agent in skin transplantation, and its risks, efficacy and possible subjects after thermal injury have been investigated. This study demonstrated that a large burn was profoundly immunosuppressive, and early excision and grafting was able to restore cell-mediated immunity significantly as reflected by two in vivo assays. The short course of the immunosuppressive treatment to delay skin allograft rejection did not cause a severe additional effect on cell-mediated immunity after thermal injury. Allograft survival appeared to be related to immunosuppression caused mainly by cyclosporin treatment and also by the immunosuppressive effect of the burn

The prophylactic effects of superoxide dismutase, catalase, desferrioxamine, verapamil and disulfiram in experimental colitis

In our study we have tried to compare the prophylactic effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD), SOD+catalase (CAT), desferrioxamine, verapamil and disulfiram, which are all free oxygen radical (FOR) scavengers, in an animal model of experimental acetic acid colitis. The control group had 58.3% colonic ulcers. The SOD group (48.6% ulcerated area) and the SOD+CAT group (47.2% ulcerated area) did not show a significant difference when compared with the control group. The values were significantly different in all other groups when compared with the control group (desferrioxamine (29.2% ulcerated area): P < 0.01;verapamil (10.4% ulcerated area) and disulfiram (7.6% ulcerated area): P < 0.001

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on bacterial translocation due to burn wound sepsis

The presence of certain defects in both cellular and humoral immunity after thermal injury has been established, Likewise, the translocation of enteric bacteria to the mesenteric lymph nodes and to distant organs has also been observed following serious thermal injury, The effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on bacterial translocation, the small bowel mucose, and cecal bacterial content mere investigated in a rat model of burn wound sepsis in which albino Wistar rats were scalded over 30% of their bodies, after which the lesions were infected by 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) Pseudonmonas aeruginosa. The control group was treated with 5% dextrose solution subcutaneously starting 2 days preburn, while the treatment group received 100 mu g/kg human G-CSF subcutaneously. On the 4th day post burn all animals were killed to examine the bowel and culture of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), livers, and spleens, No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the cecal bacterial content and small bowel; however, a difference was seen in the ratio of translocation in the MLN liver and spleen and quantitative MLN cultures, Based on these findings, G-CSF was thus found to be significantly effective in reducing bacterial translocation due to burn wound sepsis

LIPID-PEROXIDATION IN EXPERIMENTAL SPINAL-CORD INJURY - TIME-LEVEL RELATIONSHIP

Damage which occurs following spinal traumas is often irreversible. During recent years free oxygen radicals formed due to the pathological changes following neural tissue ischemia have been identified as being responsible for the ethio-pathogenesis of such damage