Способы модифицирования сварного соединения нанопорошками

В статье рассмотрены способы модифицирования сварного соединения наноструктурированными порошками

The Classification of Weld Seam Defects for Quantitative Analysis by means of Ultrasonic Testing

The paper describes effective quality assessment of spent nuclear fuel storage cask. The ultrasonic testing method is considered. The classification of possible defects with corresponding dimensions limits is proposed. The database of defects of the spent nuclear fuel storage cask was created in compliance with the nuclear energy industry regulatory documents

Structural connectivity of the ANT region based on human ex-vivo and HCP data. : Relevance for DBS in ANT for epilepsy

Objective: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus (ANT) has been shown to be a safe and efficacious treatment option for patients with Drug-Resitant focal Epilepsy (DRE). The ANT has been selected frequently in open and controlled studies for bilateral DBS. There is a substantial variability in ANT-DBS outcomes which is not fully understood. These outcomes might not be explained by the target location alone but potentially depend on the connectivity of the mere stimulation site with the epilepsy onset-associated brain regions. The likely sub-components of this anatomy are fiber pathways which penetrate or touch the ANT region and constitute a complex and dense fiber network which has not been described so far. A detailed characterization of this ANT associated fiber anatomy may therefore help to identify which areas are associated with positive or negative outcomes of ANT-DBS. Furthermore, prediction properties in individual ANT-DBS cases might be tested. In this work we aim to generate an anatomically detailed map of candidate fiber structures which might in the future lead to a holistic image of structural connectivity of the ANT region. Methods: To resolve the various components of the complex fiber network connected to the ANT we used a synthetic pathway reconstruction method that combines anatomical fiber tracking with dMRI-based tractography and iteratively created an anatomical high-resolution fiber map representing the most important bundles related to the ANT. Results: The anatomically detailed 3D representation of the fibers in the ANT region generated with the synthetic pathway reconstruction method incorporates multiple anatomically defined fiber bundles with their course, orientation, connectivity and relative strength. Distinctive positions within the ANT region have a different hierarchical profile with respect to the stimulation-activated fiber bundles. This detailed connectivity map, which is embedded into the topographic map of the MNI brain, provides novel opportunities to analyze the outcomes of the ANT-DBS studies. Conclusion: Our synthetic reconstruction method provides the first anatomically realistic fiber pathway map in the human ANT region incorporating histological and structural MRI data. We propose that this complex ANT fiber network can be used for detailed analysis of the outcomes of DBS studies and potentially for visualization during the stimulation planning procedures. The connectivity map might also facilitate surgical planning and will help to simulate the complex ANT connectivity. Possible activation patterns that may be elicited by electrodes in different positions in the ANT region will help to understand clinically diverse outcomes based on this new dense fiber network map. As a consequence this work might in the future help to improve individual outcomes in ANT-DBS.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

The Influence of Taxation on Small Enterprise Development in Russia

Formation of adequate conditions in Russia market economy model requires the creation of a sound financial base. An important place in the mobilization of financial resources of society plays a tax system with its characteristic features of each state and the specifics of the tasks performed at a certain stage. In recent years, the negative effects of the transition period is expected to overcome through the development of small businesses, which determines the possibility of self-realization of the population in achieving the established preferences and values, as well as through the optimization of the tax system and, in particular, strengthening and stimulating social functions taxes. Formation and development of a market economy based on private property, accompanied by an expansion of business and the creation of small businesses, the activation of various financial and credit institutions, thus increasing the number of actual taxpayers. In connection with this problem is exacerbated relations between the state in the face of tax structures and small businesses as taxpayers