2 research outputs found
Undesirable Consequences of Insecticide Resistance following Aedes aegypti Control Activities Due to a Dengue Outbreak
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Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Roraima. Boa Vista, RR, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto de Biologia do Exército. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto de Biologia do Exército. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes Vetores. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto de Biologia do Exército. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular (INCT-EM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Background: During a dengue outbreak with co-circulation of DENV-1 and -2 in the city of Boa Vista, one patient was
diagnosed with DENV-4, a serotype supposed absent from Brazil for almost 30 years. The re-emergence of DENV-4 triggered
the intensification of mechanical and chemical Aedes aegypti control activities in order to reduce vector density and avoid
DENV-4 dissemination throughout the country.
Methods/Principal Findings: Vector control activities consisted of (a) source reduction, (b) application of diflubenzuron
against larvae and (c) vehicle-mounted space spraying of 2% deltamethrin to eliminate adults. Control activity efficacy was
monitored by comparing the infestation levels and the number of eggs collected in ovitraps before and after interventions,
performed in 22 Boa Vista districts, covering an area of ,80% of the city and encompassing 56,837 dwellings. A total of
94,325 containers were eliminated or treated with diflubenzuron. The most frequently positive containers were small
miscellaneous receptacles, which corresponded to 59% of all positive breeding sites. Insecticide resistance to deltamethrin
was assessed before, during and after interventions by dose-response bioassays adopting WHO-based protocols. The
intense use of the pyrethroid increased fourfold the resistance ratio of the local Ae. aegypti population only six months after
the beginning of vector control. Curiously, this trend was also observed in the districts in which no deltamethrin was
applied by the public health services. On the other hand, changes in the resistance ratio to the organophosphate temephos
seemed less influenced by insecticide in Boa Vista.
Conclusions: Despite the intense effort, mosquito infestation levels were only slightly reduced. Besides, the median number
of eggs in ovitraps remained unaltered after control activity intensification. The great and rapid increase in pyrethroid
resistance levels of natural Ae. aegypti populations is discussed in the context of both public and domestic intensification of
chemical control due to a dengue outbreak
Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings
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Previous issue date: 2016Submitted by Angelo Silva ([email protected]) on 2016-07-07T11:16:45Z
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Previous issue date: 2016Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.University of Oxford. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics. Oxford, UK.University of Oxford. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics. Oxford, UK.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Adolfo Lutz. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK / Metabiota. San Francisco, CA 94104, USA.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana. Departamento de Saúde. Centro de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.University of Washington. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation,. Seattle, WA, USA / University of Oxford. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics. Oxford, UK.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute. St. Michael’s Hospital. Toronto, Canada / University of Toronto. Department of Medicine. Division of Infectious Diseases. Toronto, Canada.University of Toronto.Dalla Lana School of Public Health. Toronto, Canada;Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, DF, Brasil.University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Pathology. Galveston, TX, USA.University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, UK / Metabiota. San Francisco, CA 94104, USA.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas, Centro de Inovação tecnológica. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Pathology. Galveston, TX, USA.Ministério da Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV), with ~30,000 cases reported to date. ZIKV was first detected in Brazil in May 2015 and cases of microcephaly potentially associated with ZIKV infection were identified in November 2015. Using next generation sequencing we generated seven Brazilian ZIKV genomes, sampled from four self-limited cases, one blood donor, one fatal adult case, and one newborn with microcephaly and congenital malformations. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses show a single introduction of ZIKV into the Americas, estimated to have occurred between May-Dec 2013, more than 12 months prior to the detection of ZIKV in Brazil. The estimated date of origin coincides with an increase in air passengers to Brazil from ZIKV endemic areas, and with reported outbreaks in Pacific Islands. ZIKV genomes from Brazil are phylogenetically interspersed with those from other South American and Caribbean countries. Mapping mutations onto existing structural models revealed the context of viral amino acid changes present in the outbreak lineage; however no shared amino acid changes were found among the three currently available virus genomes from microcephaly cases. Municipality-level incidence data indicate that reports of suspected microcephaly in Brazil best correlate with ZIKV incidence around week 17 of pregnancy, although this does not demonstrate causation. Our genetic description and analysis of ZIKV isolates in Brazil provide a baseline for future studies of the evolution and molecular epidemiology in the Americas of this emerging virus