Development and physical characterisation of polyethylene glycol glycerides-based gel formulations for macromolecule delivery

Lipid-based delivery systems offer many advantages on enhancing the bioavailability of protein/peptides. Gelucire 50/13 is a complex mixture of glycerides and PEG. It is mainly used in solid oral formulations for delivering small molecular weight drugs. The purpose of this project was to develop novel uses of Gelucire as a liquid crystalline-based gel-forming material for protein/peptide delivery. A thorough physical and mechanical characterisation of the gels (with and without lysozyme as a model protein) was conducted using a combination of analytical techniques including ATR-FTIR, DSC, relaxometry NMR, rheological and texture analyser, and imaging analyses (SEM, AFM, and cryo-TEM). The results demonstrated the sophisticated microstructures of the gels due to the formation of various liquid crystalline phases that change with the gel water content. The gels with low water contents are characterised by highly restricted diffusion of water molecules in the gels, while water-rich and lipid-rich phases are present in the gels with medium to high water contents. The ordered liquid crystalline structures with lipid-rich and water-rich domains provide excellent carrier properties for hosting proteins/peptides. The effect of water content on the microstructure, physical properties and in vitro performance of the gels prevails on other effects such as gel preparation method and protein incorporation. The wide range of microstructures of the gels enables the mucoadhesive properties and release profiles of lysozyme from the gels to be controlled. Highly stable disc-shaped nanoparticles were produced from the Gelucire gels using a single-step and solvent-free method without the addition of stabilisers. In vitro cell culture studies revealed high tolerance to and rapid uptake of the gel nanoparticles by Caco-2 cells. The good protein encapsulation efficiency and the retained biological activity of lysozyme indicates considerable potential for these nanoparticles to be a new class of safe, low-cost and effective carriers for protein/peptide delivery

Transient evolution of warm cloud - clear air interface and its impact on cloud droplet evolution

Three dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) using pseudo-spectral Fourier Galerkin method is used for simulating Warm Cloud – Clear Air interfaces [1,2]. Transient evolution of transport of energy, water vapour, temperature and Lagrangian tracking of droplets are simulated for decaying turbulent atmospheric flow, where initial turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the simulation domain decays with time [1,2]. Simulation results shows anisotropy and high intermittency across the interface (from high TKE region of cloud side to low TKE region of clear air side), which influenced the transient evolution of passive scalar transport [3]. Cloud droplets are observed to be affected by the small scale turbulence, and they preferentially concentrated away from the regions of high vorticity. Transient evolution of various microphysical properties, such as, droplet sedimentation, condensation/evaporation, droplet inertia, droplet collision and coalescence are investigated to understand the role of turbulence in interfacial transient. Supersaturation and preferential concentration resulted in condensational growth of the droplets and increased local droplet collision rate. As a result, droplet size distribution grew with time, in contrary to the saturated case (Fig 1

Investigations of Peripheral 4-Jet Sonic and Supersonic Propulsive Deceleration Jets on a Mars Science Laboratory Aeroshell

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90686/1/AIAA-2011-1036-531.pd

Investigation of the Interactions of Reaction Control Systems with Mars Science Laboratory Aeroshell

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83545/1/AIAA-2010-1558-704.pd

Interactions of Single-Nozzle Supersonic Propulsive Deceleration Jets on Mars Entry Aeroshells

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90635/1/AIAA-2011-138-807.pd

Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Velocity Measurements of Retropropulsion Jets in a Mach 12 Freestream

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106464/1/AIAA2013-2810.pd

Investigations of Peripheral Propulsive Deceleration Jets on a Mars Science Laboratory Aeroshell

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140658/1/1.a32456.pd

Interactions of Single-Nozzle Sonic Propulsive Deceleration Jets on Mars Entry Aeroshells

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/83612/1/AIAA-2010-4888-277.pd