La configuración histórica de la enfermería en la Rioja: 1900-1978

El marco teórico de la investigación y punto de partida es considerar que la profesión enfermera se constituye cuando un colectivo se consolida como sujeto político, con un reconocimiento social significativo y con un campo de trabajo y discurso científico-técnico propios. Dada la compleja genealogía de la enfermería española actual, anclada en la evolución de tres profesionales diferentes (practicantes, matronas y enfermeras), resulta relevante el estudio de la configuración enfermera en La Rioja a lo largo del siglo XX. La investigación se basa en fuentes legislativas, fuentes de archivo (colegios profesionales, Sanidad, Beneficencia Provincial, etc.) y fuentes orales (entrevistas semiestructuradas, relatos de vida). Respecto al modelo de análisis, es un estudio loco-regional de la profesionalización enfermera visto en su contexto social, político, sanitario y profesional, es decir, una historia social contributiva de la asistencia sanitaria y de las mujeres.La investigación se estructura en un primer capítulo que recoge la organización y desarrollo profesional de la enfermería en La Rioja durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, centrado en la estructura y función del Colegio Profesional. El siguiente capítulo está centrado en el nuevo personal de enfermería que se instauró con el modelo asistencial franquista. Estudia la figura del ATS en los diferentes escenarios y problemas: la sanidad rural, la Residencia Sanitaria y la unificación colegial. La investigación termina describiendo las trayectorias profesionales que caracterizan los principales perfiles enfermeros que han convivido en el periodo de estudio construidos a través de sus relatos: el practicante y la matrona rural, la enfermera, la y el ATS, la enfermera de gestión institucional y la enfermera docente.Como conclusión general, esta investigación ha confirmado que La Rioja constituye un núcleo significativo para el estudio comparado de la profesión de enfermería, más rezagada en algunos aspectos profesionales que otras regiones, lo que se asocia con la ausencia de elementos facilitadores como la Universidad, que promueve su formación, o la persistencia del mundo agrícola y escasa industrialización. A la vez ofrece claves interpretativas para el análisis del proceso de profesionalización de la Enfermería mixta en la España del siglo XX, tras analizar elementos de las interrelaciones de esa complejidad sociocultural propia de la integración social de los profesionales del cuidado en las sociedades desarrolladas. Bibliografía:Blázquez Ornat, Isabel. El practicante. El nacimiento de una nueva profesión en España. Madrid. CSIC. 2017 González Canalejo, Carmen. Las cuidadoras: historia de las practicantas, matronas y enfermeras (1857-1936). Almería: Instituto de Estudios Almerienses. 2006. Chamizo Vega, Carmen. El proceso de profesionalización de la enfermería en el Principado de Asturias. [Tesis Doctoral]. Alicante: Universidad de Alicante. 2009.Germán Bes, Concha. La revolución de las batas blancas: la enfermería española de 1976 a 1978. Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2013Martínez Santos, Yolanda. Las escuelas de ayudantes técnicos sanitarios en España 1953-1980. Historia de las escuelas del distrito universitario de Zaragoza. [Tesis Doctoral]. Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza, 2017.Miqueo, Consuelo. Fernández Doctor, Asunción. Poder y autonomía en las profesiones auxiliares de la medicina. En: Campos Marín, Ricardo. González de Pablo, Ángel. Porras Gallo, Isabel., eds. Medicina y poder político. XVI Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Historia de la Medicina. Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid,2014, pp. 41-81. <br /

Predictors of the Quality of Life of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Quality of life (QOL) is a complex and multifaceted concept that has been used to study different aspects of people’s lives, including physical and psychological wellbeing, financial independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and living situation. In this study, we aimed to assess the QOL of a group of Spanish university students and identify associated factors. Method: We completed a cross-sectional study of the QOL of 868 university students using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. In addition, data regarding sociodemographic information and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short version), diet (Spanish Index of Healthy Eating), alcohol consumption (CAGE questionnaire) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were collected. Results: A total of 66.2% of participants assessed their QOL positively, while 58.8% favorably evaluated their overall health. Students reported the highest scores for the physical health domain of QOL, whereas they gave the lowest scores for the psychological health domain. Age was inversely associated with QOL. Higher self-esteem and satisfaction with academic performance, as well as sleep and diet quality, were directly associated with higher QOL. The physical health domain of QOL was scored more highly by participants who had a healthy body weight or those who reported moderate levels of physical activity. Higher scores in the social relationships domain of QOL were directly linked to alcohol intake, smoking and low body weight in addition to being inversely associated with screen time. The psychological domain of QOL was lower for those who were overweight or lived alone. Conclusion: Many sociodemographic, academic and behavioral variables are associated with university students’ QOL. The present findings underscore the need to direct further initiatives toward identifying and overcoming barriers to increased QOL for university students

Health-related behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression in Spanish nursing students: an observational study

Background: Symptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent among young adults and are a significant public health issue. College students are at a higher risk of experiencing poor mental health than other young people due to several factors, including moving away from home, financial pressures, heavy workload, poor time management skills, competitivity, new processes of socialization and insufficient coping mechanisms, among others. In addition, nursing students’ mental and physical health may also be affected by unhealthy lifestyle habits and health-related behaviors. Aim: To determine the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the association between these symptoms and health-related behaviors, in a population of Spanish student nurses. Methods: Cross-sectional study on a sample of 339 nursing students. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short form, the Spanish Healthy Eating Index and an “ad hoc” questionnaire for sociodemographic variables. The association between psychological symptoms and health-related behaviors was analyzed through binary logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety was 3.8% and 24.5%, respectively. Negative health-related behaviors were frequent, namely tobacco and alcohol consumption, suboptimal physical activity and diet. Moderate physical activity was associated with a lower probability of experiencing depressive symptoms. Symptoms of anxiety were related to a low level of physical activity, an unhealthy diet and alcohol consumption ≥2 times a week. Conclusion: Student nurses could benefit from the implementation of both physical and mental health promotion initiatives

Mental health knowledge and classroom experiences of school teachers in Aragon, Spain

Research shows that many mental disorders begin in childhood but are sometimes not diagnosed until later years. School-age children spend much of their time in schools and have daily interactions with school teachers.AimExamine school teachers’ experiences of mental disorders in school going children and adolescents and their associated mental health training needs.Method and sampleA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with teachers in Infant-Primary and Secondary Education-Baccalaureate schools.ResultsA convenience sample of 685 teachers responded to the online survey. Participants worked in both urban and rural areas and in Infant-Primary and Secondary Education-Baccalaureate schools. Over half of participants reported classroom experiences of learner mental disorders such as ADHD, anxiety, conduct disorders or autism. Most participants acknowledged a training need, both in recognition of symptoms of mental disorders and in care resources and processes. However, 80% of respondents reported having not received any training in this regard. Participant preferences for training included face-to-face or hybrid – combined online learning. Participants also considered the management of their own mental health to be deficient, therefore any training should incorporate personal mental health awareness and self-help strategies.ConclusionIn Aragón (Spain), teachers of children and adolescents with mental disorders, recognize a need for training in the identification of symptoms and other aspects of mental healthcare, such as availability and access to services. Protocols for early identification and referral would promote mentally healthy school environments and reduce stigma which could be a barrier to timely intervention. In addition, any training should include mental health self-care for teachers

Factors related with nursing students’ health literacy: a cross sectional study

Nursing professionals have a crucial role in promoting health literacy in health services, so it is necessary to ensure health literacy skills in future health professionals.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine the health literacy of nursing students and its associated factors.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 460 nursing students. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire was obtained on sociodemographic characteristics, perception and health care, use of the health system and lifestyles. In addition, health literacy was assessed using the European Health Literacy Questionnaire.Results6.1% of the participants had an inadequate level of health literacy and 36.5% problematic. The probability of having sufficient health literacy is directly associated with age; and inversely with smoking, prolonged screen time and living alone (p &amp;lt; 0.05).Conclusion: A large percentage of nursing students need to improve their health literacy skills. It is necessary to integrate a greater number of contents in health literacy in the curriculum of nursing students

Approximation to the Consumption of Healthcare Resources and the Economic Cost of SARS-CoV-2 Patient Management: A Retrospective Study

Spain has become one of the countries most affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with the highest testing rates, and one of the worst-performing countries in the fight against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. There are no studies related to the consumption of health resources and the economic cost of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We present a retrospective analysis of 9,811 (Primary Care and Hospital) patients which aimed to estimate public health expenditure by the consumption of health resources due to COVID-19. According to the results, the gender distribution of patients has a similar rate in both groups, with slightly higher rates in women. Similarly, age is the same in both groups, with a median of 62 years in the case of hospitalizations and 61 years in the case of primary care; using a weighted average of these rates and costs, we can estimate that the average cost of care per patient infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, regardless of the course is €2373.24. We conclude that a patient with COVID-19 without hospitalization costs €729.79, while the expenses of a hospitalized patient are between €4294.36 and €14440.68, if there is ICU admission

Transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for central post-stroke pain: systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionAlthough rare, central post-stroke pain remains one of the most refractory forms of neuropathic pain. It has been reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be effective in these cases of pain.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of rTMS in patients with central post-stroke pain (CPSP).MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials or Controlled Trials published until October 3rd, 2022, which studied the effect of rTMS compared to placebo in CPSP. We included studies of adult patients (&gt;18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of stroke, in which the intervention consisted of the application of rTMS to treat CSP.ResultsNine studies were included in the qualitative analysis; 6 studies (4 RCT and 2 non-RCT), with 180 participants, were included in the quantitative analysis. A significant reduction in CPSP was found in favor of rTMS compared with sham, with a large effect size (SMD: −1.45; 95% CI: −1.87; −1.03; p &lt; 0.001; I2: 58%).ConclusionThe findings of the present systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that there is low quality evidence for the effectiveness of rTMS in reducing CPSP.Systematic review registrationIdentifier (CRD42022365655)

Mental health knowledge and classroom experiences of school teachers in Aragon, Spain

BackgroundResearch shows that many mental disorders begin in childhood but are sometimes not diagnosed until later years. School-age children spend much of their time in schools and have daily interactions with school teachers.AimExamine school teachers’ experiences of mental disorders in school going children and adolescents and their associated mental health training needs.Method and sampleA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with teachers in Infant-Primary and Secondary Education-Baccalaureate schools.ResultsA convenience sample of 685 teachers responded to the online survey. Participants worked in both urban and rural areas and in Infant-Primary and Secondary Education-Baccalaureate schools. Over half of participants reported classroom experiences of learner mental disorders such as ADHD, anxiety, conduct disorders or autism. Most participants acknowledged a training need, both in recognition of symptoms of mental disorders and in care resources and processes. However, 80% of respondents reported having not received any training in this regard. Participant preferences for training included face-to-face or hybrid – combined online learning. Participants also considered the management of their own mental health to be deficient, therefore any training should incorporate personal mental health awareness and self-help strategies.ConclusionIn Aragón (Spain), teachers of children and adolescents with mental disorders, recognize a need for training in the identification of symptoms and other aspects of mental healthcare, such as availability and access to services. Protocols for early identification and referral would promote mentally healthy school environments and reduce stigma which could be a barrier to timely intervention. In addition, any training should include mental health self-care for teachers