Chemically modified field effect transistors: the effect of ion-pair association on the membrane potentials

A theoretical model has been developed which relates physically accessible parameters to the formation of a membrane potential. The description is an extension of a theoretical description presented previously by our group, now including divalent cations and ion-pair association. Simulations of the overall membrane potential reveal several factors that may lead to non-Nernstian response curves. For monovalent and divalent cations a reduction in the slope of the response curve (sub-Nernstian response) should virtually always be expected when ion-pair association takes place in the membrane. Ion-pair association of divalent cations and sample anions can lead to a super-Nernstian response. A diffusion potential generally reduces the Nernstian slope of the response curve. In addition, several experimental results are described which illustrate and confirm our theoretical model

Inkoopmanagement met cijfers

Inkoopinformatie is niet alleen interessant voor inkoopmanagers. Juist ook managers op andere functionele gebieden en budgethouders zijn gebaat bij het beschikbaar komen van deze informatie. De cijfers helpen het management bij het nemen van beslissingen over inkoop en het budgetteren van de verwachte kosten over een periode.\ud Bij hoeveel verschillende leveranciers worden dezelfde producten en diensten ingekocht? Worden producten en diensten door verschillende afdelingen bij andere leveranciers gekocht? In welke mate wordt er ingekocht onder de bestaande contracten? Allemaal vragen waar managers graag een antwoord op willen hebben. Bij het managen van de inkoopfunctie is cijfermatig inzicht essentieel!\ud Inkoopinformatie is niet alleen interessant voor inkoopmanagers. Juist ook managers op andere functionele gebieden en budgethouders zijn gebaat bij het beschikbaar komen van deze informatie. De cijfers helpen het management namelijk bij het nemen van beslissingen over inkoop en het budgetteren van de verwachte kosten over een periode

The effect of inrush transients on pv inverter's grid impedance measurement based on inter-harmonic injection

This paper addresses a cause for false tripping of photovoltaic inverters with antiislanding protection based on impedance measurement with inter-harmonic injection. Earlier discussions about tripping problems happening when several devices are doing the measurement at the same time are supplemented with a problem caused by inrush transients of nearby devices. A series of experiments was conducted in the Power Quality laboratory of the TU/e, on a PV inverter which complies with the DIN VDE 0126 standard. Impedance measurement was done in parallel with the inverter and measurement results are presented. A criterion for false tripping caused by transients is explored. Also, influences of network impedance and grid harmonic pollution on false tripping were analyzed. In the end, some signal processing techniques are proposed to avoid this problem

Analysis of harmonic current interaction in an industial plant

An analysis of current transients caused by the operation of a nearby device in an industrial plant is presented in the paper. The source of current transients in the factory lighting system was traced to the operation of the nearby six-pulse AC/DC converter. To determine the nature of the interaction, a measurement was done with a storage oscilloscope. Also, laboratory experiments on one lamp were conducted. It was possible to exclude the presence of a parallel resonance on this site. It was concluded that transients are caused by voltage notches in certain working regimes of the six-pulse converter. Possible solutions to the problem are separating the supplies of the converter and the lighting installation, filtering, or adding additional line reactance

Molecular cloning and characterization of Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein and Cinnamoyl-Coa Reductase genes and their association with fruit storage conditions in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)

AbstractBlueberry is a widely grown and easily perishable fruit crop. An efficient post-harvest handling is critical, and for that purpose gene technology methods have been part of ongoing programmes to improve crops with high food values such as blueberry. Here we report the isolation, cloning, characterization and differential expression levels of two cDNAs encoding Polygalacturonase-Inhibitor Protein (PGIP) and Cinnamoyl-Coa Reductase (CCR) from blueberry fruits in relation to various storage conditions. The open reading frame of PGIP and CCR encodes a polypeptide of 329 and 347 amino acids, respectively. To assess changes in the expression of blueberry PGIP and CCR after harvest, a storage trial was initiated. The northern blots hybridization showed a clear differential expression level of PGIP and CCR between freshly harvested and stored fruits as well as between fruits stored under various storage conditions. Although the prospects of exploiting such a strategy for crop improvement are limited, the results provide further insight into the control of the quality over the storage period at the molecular level