Biosafety test for plant growth-promoting bacteria: proposed environmental and human safety index (EHSI) protocol

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) colonize plants and enhance their growth by different mechanisms. Some of these microorganisms may represent a potential threat to human, animal or plant health; however, their use might be approved in parts of Europe if they have been recommended as plant growth enhancers. The current regulatory framework has resulted in a fragmented, contradictory system, and there is an urgent need to establish harmonized protocols for the predictability, efficiency, consistency and especially the safety of PGPB for human and animal health and for the environment. In response to current efforts to update biosafety policies and provide alternative methods to replace the use of vertebrate animals, we propose a panel of tests and an evaluation system to reliably determine the biosafety of bacterial strains used as PGPB. Based on the results of different tests, we propose a scoring system to evaluate the safety of candidates for PGPB within the limitations of the assays used.Peer reviewe

Phonetische Realisierung der kana-Zeichen (Lehrbuch, Einfuhrungsteil, S. 8, 9)

3 páginas, ilustraciones y tablas estadísticas.The pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Steiner & Buhrer, 1934 (Nickle, 1970), is a pathogenic species in the genus Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937. The introduction and establishment of PWN in the Setubal Peninsula, Portugal (Mota et al., 1999), and the evidence that Monochamus galloprovincialis is its insect vector in this country (Sousa et al., 2001), has stimulated studies on its further distribution and its potential vector insects in Europe, including Spain. There is a clear risk of spread of pine wood nematode into Spanish territory from Portugal, both as a result of natural spread and due to the important timber trade between the two countries.Peer reviewe

Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. CSIC, Madrid: MNCN-Nemata

El conjunto de la colección de MNCN-Nemata es la síntesis de miles de muestras de suelo representando los más importantes ecosistemas naturales, así como los principales sistemas agrarios y abarca un periodo aproximado de 55 años. Su origen lo inició el Prof. Jiménez Millán y su equipo en el extinto Instituto Español de Entomología a principios de los años 50 del pasado siglo, pero adquirió un impulso fundamental con el trabajo de los Drs. Antonio Bello y María Arias así como sus colaboradores en el actualmente llamado Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales del CSIC. Su distribución geográfica comprende toda la España insular y peninsular. Se compone de preparaciones microscópicas de géneros y especies (aprox. 2.000 preparaciones) que comprende 10.009 registros referenciados. Note: this dataset was previously orphaned. It has been rescued by ① extracting it from the GBIF.org index (see GBIF Download in External Data) and ② republishing it on this IPT data hosting centre as version 1.0

Insights into Nematode Biocontrol Potential Through Biological and Proteomics Analysis of the Fungus Trichoderma viride

Nematophagous fungi such as Trichoderma viride show promising potential in the biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Furthermore, Meloidogyne spp., root-knot nematodes, has a great impact on the economy. The current study aimed to evaluate the parasitism ability of this fungus and to predict possible mechanisms involved in controlling the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. In vitro bio-assays of direct parasitism, SEM observation, pot experiment testing the effect of soil treatment by T. viride, and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) methodology were employed to characterize the biological and molecular features of this fungus. The high nematicidal activity was observed with the presence of Trichoderma species. The SEM observation of nematode parasitized juvenile suggests the production of lytic enzymes degrading the cell wall and penetrating fungal hyphae into M. javanica juveniles. The soil treatment by T. viride showed a significant boost of the tomato plant growth, a decrease of the root-knot nematode development in terms of galls number, gall index and multiplication rate and induction of defense responses by activating several ROS enzymes. A total of 1344 unique proteins were identified from the T. viride mycelium. These proteins were mainly related to signaling stress response, bio-energy, metabolism and protein synthesis and degradation. Our results provide a comprehensive dataset of several proteins involved in the biocontrol mechanisms of T. viride. The combination of several mechanisms allowed this filamentous fungus to be a successful candidate in controlling sustainably the root-knot nematodes, in particular, in Mediterranean ecosystems.Peer reviewe

Removal of allergens from fish infected with Anisakis simplex larvae in the washing process of surimi production

Resumen del trabajo presentado al 42nd WEFTA Annual Meeting y al 4th Trans-Atlantic Fisheries Technology (ITAFT), celebrados en Florida (USA) en octubre de 2012.Work financed by the Spanish Project AGL2009-12485-C03-01/02/03 (ANIDET). Fabiola Olivares carried out her work at the ICTAN on a grant provided by Science and Technology Program of the Government of Peru (FINCyT) and managed by LASPAU.Peer reviewe

In vitro infectivity and allergenicity of Anisakis simplex L3 after freezing fish muscle

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la 46th WEFTA Conference, celebrada en Split (Croacia) del 12 al 14 de octubre de 2016.Peer reviewe

Factors affecting viability of Anisakis L3 during the freezing process

Resumen del trabajo presentado al 44th WEFTA Annual Meeting, celebrado en Bilbao (España) del 9 al 11 de junio de 2014.This work has been financed by the Project FP7-312068 EU PARASITE.Peer reviewe

Biological and proteomic analysis of a new isolate of the nematophagous fungus lecanicillium sp

Abstract Background In our continuing search for biologically active natural enemies from North of Africa with special reference to Tunisian fungi, our teamwork screened fungi from different ecological habitats in Tunisia. Our previous study on the comparative effectiveness of filamentous fungi in the biocontrol of Meloidogyne javanica, a taxon (Lecanicillium) showed high potentiality against M. javanica. We undertook the present study to evaluate the ability and understand the mechanism of this fungal parasite as a biological control candidate against the root-knot nematode M. javanica. This study used in vitro bioassays with fungal filtrate cultures, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) methodology to characterize the biological and molecular features of this fungus. Results The microscopic and SEM observation revealed that Lecanicillium sp. exhibited exceptional hyperparasitism against M. javanica eggs. The hyphae of this fungi penetrated the eggs, causing destructive damage to the outer eggshell. The exposure to five concentrations of Lecanicillium sp. filtrate cultures showed high inhibition of egg hatching, which increases depending on the exposure time; the best results are recorded at 50%, 75%, and 100% dilutions after seven days of exposure. The SEM observation of nematode-parasitized eggs and juveniles suggests that the production of lytic enzymes degrades the egg cuticle and fungal hyphae penetrate unhatched M.javanica juveniles. Forty-seven unique proteins were identified from the Lecanicillium sp. isolate. These proteins have signalling and stress response functions, bioenergy, metabolism, and protein synthesis and degradation. Conclusion Collectively, Lecanicillium sp. had ovicidal potentiality proved by SEM and proteomic analysis against root-knot nematode’ eggs. This study recommended applying this biological control candidate as a bio-agent on vegetable crops grown in situ