An Overview of the Fluctuating Fortunes of Viticulture in England and Wales

Cet article analyse le passé et le présent de la viticulture en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles. Ces vignobles et établissements vinicoles n’y représentent qu’une partie infime de l’ensemble de la production viticole. En dépit de leur faible représentativité sur la scène mondiale, ils ont connu un succès modeste au cours des siècles passés et connaissent depuis les soixante dernières années un regain grâce aux efforts d’un nombre restreint de pionniers, dont les actions sont étudiées ici. La vigne moyenne est extrêmement petite, mais il existe également de plus grandes entreprises commerciales qui produisent des vins de table de qualité et des vins mousseux, quoiqu'en petite quantité. Quelques opérateurs ont développé le tourisme viticole de manière originale afin de contribuer à la diversification rurale. Les implications du « réchauffement global » peuvent favoriser le développement de la viticulture en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles dans les années à venir pourvu que les conditions de capital, de talent, de flair entreprenarial et de marché soient ouvertes.This article sketches the past and present of viticulture in England and Wales. These vineyards and wineries represent only a tiny fraction in the global spectrum of vine growing. Despite their insignificance on the world scene, they enjoyed modest success in past centuries, and experienced a revival over the past six decades due to the efforts of a small number of pioneers whose contributions are examined here. The average vineyard is extremely small, but there are also larger commercial enterprises that produce high quality table wines and sparkling wines, albeit in small quantities. Some operators have developed ‘vineyard tourism’ in imaginative ways to contribute to rural diversification. The implications of ‘global warming’ may well favour viticulture in England and Wales in future years, provided that capital, skill, entrepreneurial flair and market demand are forthcoming

French Geographers under International Gaze : regional excursions for the XIIIth International Geographical Congress, 1931

Excursions accompanying international conferences provide important opportunities to transmit geographical knowledge. Fieldtrips associated with the International Geographical Congress in Paris are examined with respect to theme, leadership, and message. Leadership was entrusted to proven geographers holding doctorates, and to geologists working close to physical geography. Despite eight excursions being planned, opportunities were not offered to visit large sections of France. This pattern of activity reflected areas where regional monographs had been completed, and where annual inter-university excursions for French geographers had been run. Patronage by De Martonne (Sorbonne) or by Blanchard (Grenoble) was another important explanatory factor for who led excursions and where they took place.Les excursions offertes à l’occasion des congrès internationaux donnent des possibilités importantes pour la transmission des savoirs géographiques. Dans cet article on essaie d’analyser le contenu, la direction et les communications des excursions associées avec le Congrès International de Géographie à Paris. Malgré la préparation de huit excursions, de larges sections de l’Hexagone restaient fermées aux congressistes. Cette situation s’explique par la localisation et des études monographiques achevées, et des excursions interuniversitaires. Le patronage des grands maîtres (De Martonne à la Sorbonne, Blanchard à Grenoble) fournit un autre élément d’explication

France, Poland and Europe: the experience of the XIVth International Geographical Congress, Warsaw 1934

The vibrancy of Polish geographical research was amply demonstrated at the Warsaw Congress and on accompanying excursions. Polish work in geomorphology and rural settlement reflected achievements in France, with important Polish innovations in economic geography also evident. By contrast with their dynamism in Paris and in the field in 1931, French geographers were more restrained in their participation in Poland. Accession to the EU in 2004 confirms Poland’s re-entry to the “community of Europe”, seventy years after the Warsaw Congress.La vitalité de la recherche géographique en Pologne fut amplement démontrée lors du Congrès de Varsovie et des excursions organisées à cette occasion. Les travaux de recherche menés par les Polonais en géomorphologie et dans le domaine de l’habitat rural étaient à la hauteur des réalisations françaises, la Pologne se distinguant même par d’importantes innovations en géographie économique. Le dynamisme démontré par les géographes français au Congrès de Paris et sur le terrain en 1931 fut cependant moins perceptible trois ans plus tard à Varsovie. L’accession de la Pologne à l’UE en 2004 confirme son retour à la « communauté de l’Europe », soixante-dix ans après le Congrès de Varsovie

The National Early Warning Score and its subcomponents recorded within ±24 hours of emergency medical admission are poor predictors of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury

YesBackground: Hospital-acquired Acute Kidney Injury (H-AKI) is a common cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality. Aim: To determine if the patients’ vital signs data as defined by a National Early Warning Score (NEWS), can predict H-AKI following emergency admission to hospital. Methods: Analyses of emergency admissions to York hospital over 24-months with NEWS data. We report the area under the curve (AUC) for logistic regression models that used the index NEWS (model A0), plus age and sex (A1), plus subcomponents of NEWS (A2) and two-way interactions (A3). Likewise for maximum NEWS (models B0,B1,B2,B3). Results: 4.05% (1361/33608) of emergency admissions had H-AKI. Models using the index NEWS had the lower AUCs (0.59 to 0.68) than models using the maximum NEWS AUCs (0.75 to 0.77). The maximum NEWS model (B3) was more sensitivity than the index NEWS model (A0) (67.60% vs 19.84%) but identified twice as many cases as being at risk of H-AKI (9581 vs 4099) at a NEWS of 5. Conclusions: The index NEWS is a poor predictor of H-AKI. The maximum NEWS is a better predictor but seems unfeasible because it is only knowable in retrospect and is associated with a substantial increase in workload albeit with improved sensitivity.The Health Foundatio

Cross-Channel Geographers: a century of activity.

Despite their spatial proximity, British and French geographers have undertaken relatively little research about each other’s countries. This article provides a reasoned –but personal - account of what has been accomplished in cross-Channel geography during the 20th century, paying attention to the authors involved, their academic milieux and their orientations within the discipline. French geographers have been especially attracted to topics in physical geography in the British Isles, whereas British geographers have emphasized research into the human and historical geography of France. Despite a certain reticence on both sides, enormous opportunities for cross-Channel research remain for the future

Thoughts on the evolution of rural geography in the British Isles

L’article propose une lecture critique des recherches menées sur les espaces ruraux britanniques. Se livrant à un exercice d’analyse historique de la discipline outre-manche, il montre que, dans un pays passé précocement à une société urbaine et industrielle, l’intérêt a d’abord davantage porté sur la préservation des paysages bucoliques de la campagne que sur les fonctions nourricières des espaces ruraux. Il dégage également l’influence joué par l’école française de géographie dans ce qu’il nomme la « proto-rural geography » des années 1930 aux années 1960. Dressant un tableau de la géographie rurale britannique actuelle, tant par les thématiques abordées que par les centres universitaires influents, il présente la vivacité et la diversité des champs de recherche britanniques, dont témoigne plus particulièrement la publication depuis 1985 du périodique interdisciplinaire Journal of Rural Studies.This article focuses on a critical review of British rural areas research for the last century. British Isles were early an urban and industrial country, so the first interest was to conserve and protect cherished, beautiful parts of rural Britain in full recognition that the countryside represented much more than food-producing space in national life. This article shows also the role of inspiration from Vidalian geography in what’s called ‘proto-rural geography’ from 1930’s till 1960’s. Actually, rural geography is very active and various in themes and university centres, as tested by Journal of Rural Studies, a very influent interdisciplinary review

Professorial patronage and the formation of French geographical knowledge. A bio-bibliographical exploration of one hundred non-metropolitan regional monographs, 1893-1969

French academic geography during the major part of the 20th century is especially renowned for its regional monographs, written as doctoral theses. Foreign geographers think, first and foremost, of those monographs about regions of France, however a large amount of doctoral work covered non-metropolitan regions. Using professorial patronage as a lens, this article focuses on the production and reception of one hundred theses completed between 1893 and 1969. Dubois and Vidal de La Blache supported the first cohort, to be followed by an interwar generation under the patronage of professors at the Sorbonne and to a much lesser extent in the provinces. After 1945, the production of doctoral theses greatly increased, with patrons in Paris being complemented by provincial counterparts, especially in Bordeaux. Only three of the hundred candidates considered here were women. Academic advancement for most geographers with non-metropolitan experience meant returning to a university post in France, however many retained a passionate attachment to their fieldwork region

Geographical Pioneers in Lyon, 1874-1927; a biobibliographical essay

The faculté des lettres in Lyon was one of the institutions to pioneer the teaching of geography outside Paris. Soon after the creation of the Société de Géographie de Lyon (1873), É-F. Berlioux was appointed professor of geography in the faculté des lettres, a post that he held from 1874 until 1889. Emphasizing the importance of topographical study, this popular lecturer and self-taught geographer has now been forgotten. Then followed a succession of much younger men, four of whom left Lyon for the Sorbonne, one died in post, and only one spent his whole career at Lyon. These six scholars published mainly in the Annales de Géographie, but placed some work with the Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Lyon. Establishment of the Institut des Études Rhodaniennes in 1923 and the arrival of A. Allix in the faculté soon afterwards drew to a close half a century of geographical pioneering.  La Faculté des Lettres de Lyon est une des premières institutions universitaires où la géographie fut enseignée après Paris. Peu après la création d’une Société de Géographie dans cette ville (1873), E-F. Berlioux y est nommé professeur, poste qu’il occupera de 1874 à 1889. S’intéressant essentiellement à la description des reliefs et des paysages, cet enseignant fort populaire et qui se forma lui-même à la géographie est maintenant oublié. Lui succèdent de jeunes géographes dont quatre d’entre eux quitteront Lyon pour la Sorbonne, un seulement y effectuant toute sa carrière. Ces universitaires publient principalement dans les Annales de Géographie, mais aussi dans le Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Lyon. La creation de l’Institut des Etudes rhodaniennes en 1923 et l’arrivée d’A. Allix dans la faculté clot le demi-siècle de ces géographes pionniers

Ed Soja, winner of the Vautrin-lud International Prize 2015

Ed Soja, winner of the Vautrin-lud International Prize 201