Mortalité néonatale au centre hospitalier universitaire de Tengandogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: une étude de cohorte retrospective: Neonatal mortality at Tengandogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction: Selon l’organisation mondiale de la santé, les décès néonataux représentent 41% de la mortalité infanto-juvénile. L’Afrique subsaharienne a le taux de mortalité néonatale le plus élevé à 28‰. L’objectif de l’étude était de mesurer le taux de mortalité néonatale et d’identifier les facteurs associés au décès au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Tengandogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Méthodes: Les nouveaux nés de 0 à 28 jours, hospitalisés entre le 1er janvier 2013 et le 31 décembre 2017 ont été inclus dans cette étude de cohorte rétrospective au service de néonatologie et de pédiatrie. Les informations ont été extraites à partir des dossiers cliniques. La survie a été estimée par la méthode de Kaplan Meier. Un modèle de Cox a permis d’identifier les facteurs associés. Résultats: Au total 641 nouveau-nés ont été inclus. Les enfants admis dès le premier jour de leur naissance représentaient 80%. La durée médiane de séjour était de 6 jours avec un intervalle interquartile de 3-12 jours. Les principaux diagnostics étaient la prématurité (36,05%), les infections néonatales (33,23%) et l’asphyxie (17,86%). Le taux de mortalité néonatale était de 22,25 pour 1000 personnes jours. Après ajustement, le poids de naissance inferieur 1500gramme (HRa = 4,13 ; IC 95% (2,58-6,67)) et la notion de réanimation à la naissance (HRa2,62 ; IC 95% [1,64-4,39)) étaient les facteurs de risque. Conclusion: Le taux de mortalité néonatale reste élevé. Le suivi prénatal, la prévention des infections, le renforcement des moyens de réanimation et la compétence des acteurs sont essentiels pour réduire ce taux. Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, neonatal deaths account for 41% of infant and child mortality. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest neonatal mortality rate at 28‰. The objective of the study was to measure the neonatal mortality rate and identify factors associated with death at the Tengandogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Method: New-borns aged 0 to 28 days, hospitalised between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 were included in this retrospective cohort study in the neonatology and paediatrics department. Information was extracted from clinical records. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan Meier method. A Cox model was used to identify associated factors. Results: A total of 641 new-borns were included. Children admitted on the first day of birth accounted for 80%. The median length of stay was 6 days with an interquartile range of 3-12 days. The main diagnoses were prematurity (36.05%), neonatal infections (33.23%) and asphyxia (17.86%). The neonatal mortality rate was 22.25 per 1000 person days. After adjustment, birth weight below 1500 grams (HRa = 4.13; 95% CI (2.58-6.67)) and the notion of resuscitation at birth (HRa2.62; 95% CI (1.64-4.39)) were the risk factors. Conclusion: The neonatal mortality rate remains high. Prenatal follow-up, infection prevention, strengthening of resuscitation resources and competence of actors are essential to reduce this rate

Prostate cancer outcome in Burkina Faso

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>African-American black men race is one of non-modifiable risk factors confirmed for prostate cancer. Many studies have been done in USA among African- American population to evaluate prostate cancer disparities. Compared to the USA very few data are available for prostate cancer in Sub-Saharan African countries. The objective of this study was to describe incident prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis characteristics in Burkina Faso (West Africa).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a prospective non randomized patient’s cohort study of new prostate cancer cases diagnosed by histological analysis of transrectal prostate biopsies in Burkina Faso. Study participants included 166 patients recruited at the urology division of the university hospital of Ouagadougou. Age of the patients, clinical symptoms, digital rectal examination (DRE) result, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, histological characteristics and TNM classification were taking in account in this study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>166 transrectal prostate biopsies (TRPB) were performed based on high PSA level or abnormal DRE. The prostate cancer rate on those TRPB was 63, 8 % (n=106). The mean age of the patients was 71, 5 years (52 to 86). Urinary retention was the first clinical patterns of reference in our institution (55, 7 %, n = 59). Most patients, 56, 6 % (n = 60) had a serum PSA level over than 100 ng/ml. All the patients had adenocarcinoma on histological study of prostate biopsy cores. The majority of cases (54, 7 % n = 58) had Gleason score equal or higher than 7.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Prostate cancer is diagnosed at later stages in our country. Very high serum PSA level and poorly differentiated tumors are the two major characteristics of PC at the time of diagnosis.</p

Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis: A case report and review of the literature

Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis (AGCTT) is a rare sex-cord stromal tumor. About 73 cases have been previously reported in the literature. We report a case of AGCTT in a 64 years old male, located in the left testis. We performed left radical inguinal orchiectomy. A sagittal section of orchiectomy specimen showed a solid yellowish-white mass measuring 1cm of long axis. On microscopic examination, we noted a well-limited tumor proliferation of solid architecture. The proliferation was made up of cells with scant cytoplasm and incised oval nuclei in a fibrous stroma. Rare Call-Exner bodies were noted