5,292 research outputs found
The Scientific Need for a Scalar/Higgs Factory
The scalar sector of the electroweak theory can be probed by a mu^+mu^-
collider S channel resonance machine. We give arguments for when such a machine
may be needed and when this information could be obtained by the LHC detector.
A very interesting case is the possibility that several scalar particles are in
the same mass range for the supersymmetric Higgs bosons h, H, and A, which
would definitely require such a machine. The Higgs factory could follow the
construction of a neutrino factory.Comment: 6 pages. Presented at the 5th Int. Conf. sponsored by UCLA on the
Physics Potential and Development of mu^+mu^- Colliders (San Francisco, Dec.
15-17, 1999) and to be published in the Proceedings by AI
Testing neutrino spectra formation in collapsing stars with the diffuse supernova neutrino flux
I address the question of what can be learned from the observation of the
diffuse supernova neutrino flux in the precision phase, at next generation
detectors of Megaton scale. An analytical study of the spectrum of the diffuse
flux shows that, above realistic detection thresholds of 10 MeV or higher, the
spectrum essentially reflects the exponential-times-polynomial structure of the
original neutrino spectrum at the emission point. There is only a weak (tens of
per cent) dependence on the power \beta describing the growth of the supernova
rate with the redshift. Different original neutrino spectra correspond to large
differences in the observed spectrum of events at a water Cerenkov detector:
for typical supernova rates, the ratio of the numbers of events in the first
and second energy bins (of 5 MeV width) varies in the interval 1.5 - 4.3 for
pure water (energy threshold 18 MeV) and in the range 1 - 2.5 for water with
Gadolinium (10 MeV threshold). In the first case discrimination would be
difficult due to the large errors associated with background. With Gadolinium,
instead, the reduction of the total error down to 10-20 % level would allow
spectral sensitivity, with a dramatic improvement of precision with respect to
the SN1987A data. Even in this latter case, for typical neutrino luminosity the
dependence on \beta is below sensitivity, so that it can be safely neglected in
data analysis.Comment: LaTeX, 10 pages, 5 figures; details added to fig. 5 and related text,
minor modifications to the text, references added. Version in press in
Phys.Rev.D
A Neutrino-Factory Muon Storage Ring to Provide Beams for Multiple Detectors Around the World
We briefly discuss the physics motivation for a neutrino factory with varying
baseline distances of about 1000 to 9000 km. We describe the amount of non
planarity of the storage ring required to service three or four detectors at
once. A novel bowtie storage ring is described that could in part provide these
beams; a preliminary lattice design is given. We give the space angles between
the various detector locations and possible sites for neutrino factories.
Finally we describe detectors at the Gran Sasso Laboratory and at a new
laboratory near Carlsbad, NM to observe the neutrino interactions with wrong
sign leptons.Comment: 8 pages. Presented at the 5th Int. Conf. sponsored by UCLA on the
Physics Potential and Develoment of mu^+mu^- Colliders (San Francisco,
December 15-17, 1999) and to be published in the Proceedings by AI
The Goddard program of gamma ray transient astronomy
Gamma ray burst studies are reviewed. The past results, present status and future expectations are outlined regarding endeavors using experiments on balloons, IMP-6 and -7, OGO-3, ISEE-1 and -3, Helios-2, Solar Maximum Mission, the Einstein Observatory, Solar Polar and the Gamma Ray Observatory, and with the interplanetary gamma ray burst networks, to which some of these spacecraft sensors contribute. Additional emphasis is given to the recent discovery of a new type of gamma ray transient, detected on 1979 March 5
On the origin of bimodal duration distribution of Gamma Ray Bursts
The modified version of a bullet model for gamma ray bursts is studied. The
central engine of the source produces multiple sub-jets that are contained
within a cone. The emission of photons in the source frame of a sub-jet either
takes part in an infinitesimally thin shell, or during its expansion for a
finite time. The analysis of the observed profiles of GRBs taken by BATSE leads
us to the conclusion that the latter possibility is much more favored. We also
study the statistical distribution of GRBs, in the context of their bimodality
of durations, taking into account the detector's capability of observing the
signal above a certain flux limit. The model with shells emitting for a finite
time is able to reproduce only one class of bursts, short or long, depending on
the adopted physical parameters. Therefore we suggest that the GRB bimodality
is intrinsically connected with two separate classes of sources.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures; accepted by MNRAS. Small changes to match the
corre cted proof
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in General Relativity. Vector Order Parameter
Gravitational properties of a hedge-hog type topological defect in two extra
dimensions are considered in General Relativity employing a vector as the order
parameter. All previous considerations were done using the order parameter in
the form of a multiplet in a target space of scalar fields. The difference of
these two approaches is analyzed and demonstrated in detail. Regular solutions
of the Einstein equations are studied analytically and numerically. It is shown
that the existence of a negative cosmological constant is sufficient for the
spontaneous symmetry breaking of the initially plain bulk. Regular
configurations have a growing gravitational potential and are able to trap the
matter on the brane. If the energy of spontaneous symmetry breaking is high,
the gravitational potential has several points of minimum. Identical in the
uniform bulk spin-less particles, being trapped within separate minima, acquire
different masses and appear to the observer on brane as different particles
with integer spins.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure
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