Do immigrants pose a fiscal burden on the host country budget? : a case study for Michigan.

Using i) the Public Use Micro Sample data from the 2000 US Census of Population and Housing, and ii) fiscal information from the state of Michigan Budget Office, we estimate the net (benefit minus cost) fiscal impact of immigrants in the state of Michigan. We have shown that both immigrant and native-born households are fiscal burden to the state although financial burden for native-born households is less that that for foreign-born households. When we classify immigrants by their country of origin, immigrants from some specific countries actually add a net amount to the state coffer.Immigrants, Tax Revenues, and Government Expenditure

Occasional papers

no.4 (1994

Faculty Email Exchanges

Email exchanges between University of Denver and Northwestern University on studies of John Evans and the Sand Creek Massacre

University of Denver John Evans Study Report

Universities are dedicated to the discovery and dissemination of knowledge. They are conservators of humanity\u27s past. They cherish their own pasts, honoring forbears with statues and portraits and in the names of buildings. To study or teach at a [university] is to be a member of a community that exists across time, a participant in a procession that began centuries ago and that will continue long after we are gone. If an institution professing these principles cannot squarely face its own history, it is hard to imagine how any other institution, let alone our nation, might do so. -Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice, page 6, 2006. The University of Denver was founded in 1864 by John Evans. John Evans had been appointed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 to be the second territorial governor of Colorado. He served in that capacity until 1865. This committee is inquiring into the nature of John Evans’ involvement in the political and economic processes that led to the appropriation of Indian Lands in Colorado and, more specifically, to the 1864 killing of Cheyenne and Arapahoe villagers at Sand Creek. It consists of faculty and staff from DU and other institutions. Given the impending 150-year anniversaries of the Sand Creek Massacre and DU’s founding, it is appropriate to evaluate John Evans’ place in the university’s history and the ways in which we recognize his contributions. The committee is working in tandem with a similarly constituted committee at Northwestern University, which John Evans co-founded in 1853. The NU and DU committees will coordinate research and share information. The DU committee will generate a report of our findings and a set of recommendations for actions that the university should take as a result of our report

Evans Committee Statement on Pioneer

Letter from University of Denver faculty and alumni on the university\u27s use of the \u27Pioneer\u27 moniker

John Evans Study Committee Recommendations

With the completion of this report the University of Denver is presented with an opportunity to reflect on our institutional origins, history, and legacy. We have an opportunity to provide a model of transparency, accountability, and transformation for institutions that have directly profited or indirectly benefited from the displacement of the indigenous communities whose lands and histories they occupy. This moment invites us to bend the arc of history away from the clamor of old apologetics that have caused deep wounds for those whose voices have been silenced and toward justice, healing, and peace. This likewise holds for those whose privilege and power has been upheld by historical noise, silence, and intentional omission. This is truly a new horizon and DU should be a change leader illuminating a new path forward: a path of unity, collaboration, and healing for all communities

Seed-Eaters and Chert-Carriers: The Economic Basis for Continuity in Historic Western Shoshone Identities

By "historic Western Shoshone identities," I refer to those I found in a short but intensive and productive six-week field season in summer of 1989. I call these identities historic, rather than contemporary, because they do not seem to be products of contemporary political conditions. Rather, they seem to either have arisen or persisted during the historic period, ca. 1880 to the present. Some might call this the "reservation period," but since less than 40% of the Western Shoshone population was living on reservations until well into the 1970s, that designation is somewhat inappropriate. These identities were aboriginal, but that is not the point I wish to stress. Steward (1938: 248) flatly denied these identities had any significance. My purpose, then, is to ascertain why they persisted during a period in which they would be expected to disappear, or why they became more important when, if Steward was right, they had not been so aboriginally