Precautionary behaviors during the second and third phases of the covid-19 pandemic: Comparative study in the latin American population

The population’s behavioral responses to containment and precautionary measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have played a fundamental role in controlling the contagion. A comparative analysis of precautionary behaviors in the region was carried out. A total of 1184 people from Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Cuba, and Guatemala participated through an online survey containing a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, precautionary behaviors, information about COVID-19, concerns, maintenance of confinement, and medical symptoms associated with COVID19. Cubans reported the highest scores for information about COVID-19. Colombians reported less frequent usage of precautionary measures (e.g., use of masks), but greater adherence to confinement recommendations in general, in contrast to the low levels of these behaviors in Guatemalans. Chileans reported greater pandemic-related concerns and the highest number of medical symptoms associated with COVID-19. These findings allow a partial characterization of the Latin American population’s responses during the second and third phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the importance of designing and managing public health policies according to the circumstances of each population when facing pandemics.The APC was funded by the University Center for Health Science of the Universidad de Guadalajara with the Support Program for Payment of Publication of Scientific Articles 2021 (APPAC III-CUCS-2021

Aggressive Driving, Rule-Breaking, and Driver Stress in Spanish-speaking countries

Driver Aggression is a phenomenon many have studied in all five continents. It has been the focus of curiosity for all sorts of disciplines, and science has been unable to curb it, much less park it. Driver Stress, Road Aggression and Road Rule-Breaking are crucial elements in traffic psychology. Those who do not respect the rules are a major factor in increased risk and the occurrence of major traffic accidents. Little work has been done on how these phenomena behave in Spanish-speaking countries, much less the development of useful instruments to evaluate them. This study aims to generate two unique scales that can be used in Spanish speaking countries regardless of culture or geography, as well as determining the influence Driver Stress has on Driver Aggression and Rule-Breaking. This study comprises a sample of 1827 drivers from Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Spain. Through this paper, a small yet significant relationship was found between Driver Stress, Driver Aggression, and Driver Rule-Breaking. This suggests that personality factors are at play in these relationships in Spanish-speaking countries, and that these variables are an important factor on how drivers behave. This study also delivers two useful tools for evaluating Driver Aggression (LatinCAT) and Driver Rule-Breaking (LatinDANT) that have excellent construct validity for further research in Spanish-speaking countries

Precautionary Behaviors during the Second and Third Phases of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Comparative Study in the Latin American Population

Las respuestas conductuales de la población a las medidas de contención y precaución durante la pandemia de Covid-19 han jugado un papel fundamental en el control del contagio. una comparativa Se realizó un análisis de las conductas precautorias en la región. Un total de 1184 personas de México, Colombia, Chile, Cuba y Guatemala participaron a través de una encuesta en línea que contenía un cuestionario sobre factores sociodemográficos, conductas de precaución, información sobre Covid-19, preocupaciones, mantenimiento del confinamiento y síntomas médicos asociados a la Covid-19. cubanos reportados las puntuaciones más altas para información sobre Covid-19. Los colombianos reportaron un uso menos frecuente de medidas de precaución (por ejemplo, uso de máscaras), pero mayor adherencia a las recomendaciones de confinamiento en general, en contraste con los bajos niveles de estas conductas en los guatemaltecos. Los chilenos reportaron mayor preocupaciones relacionadas con la pandemia y la mayor cantidad de síntomas médicos asociados con Covid-19. Estos hallazgos permiten una caracterización parcial de las respuestas de la población latinoamericana durante la segunda y tercera fase de la pandemia de Covid-19 y destacan la importancia de diseñar y gestionar políticas públicas de salud acordes a las circunstancias de cada población cuando enfrentando pandemias.The population’s behavioral responses to containment and precautionary measures during the Covid-19 pandemic have played a fundamental role in controlling the contagion. A comparative analysis of precautionary behaviors in the region was carried out. A total of 1184 people from Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Cuba, and Guatemala participated through an online survey containing a questionnaire on sociodemographic factors, precautionary behaviors, information about Covid-19, concerns, maintenance of confinement, and medical symptoms associated with Covid-19. Cubans reported the highest scores for information about Covid-19. Colombians reported less frequent usage of precautionary measures (e.g., use of masks), but greater adherence to confinement recommendations in general, in contrast to the low levels of these behaviors in Guatemalans. Chileans reported greater pandemic-related concerns and the highest number of medical symptoms associated with Covid-19. These findings allow a partial characterization of the Latin American population’s responses during the second and third phases of the Covid-19 pandemic and highlight the importance of designing and managing public health policies according to the circumstances of each population when facing pandemics.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000342033https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-9790https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000006790nayib.carrasco@[email protected]://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Jjq1EgAAAAJ&hl=e

Impacto psicológico de la pandemia Covid-19 en cinco países de Latinoamérica

El distanciamiento social y la cuarentena han probado tener efectos negativos en la salud mental de las poblaciones, a saber: miedo, ansiedad, depresión y sintomatología de estrés postraumático. La resiliencia emerge como variable amortiguadora del impacto. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el impacto psicológico del Covid-19 en varios países latinoamericanos. Método: se obtuvo una muestra de 1184 participantes de México, Cuba, Chile, Colombia y Guatemala; cuya edad osciló entre 18 y 83 años (M = 38.78, DT = 13.81). Se aplicó una encuesta sobre síntomas médicos asociados al Covid-19 con tres instrumentos para evaluar: (1) síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, (2) impacto del evento y (3) resiliencia. Resultados: Las personas más jóvenes, con mayor cantidad de síntomas médicos y con mayores puntajes de impacto del evento tienden a presentar mayor sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa y estrés, siendo el impacto del evento el predictor más determinante. La resiliencia fue el predictor protector contra la depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran las diferencias en la respuesta psicológica ante la pandemia del Covid-19 en cada país, y sugieren la necesidad del desarrollo de políticas públicas enfocadas en la prevención y la promoción de la salud integral ante emergencias sanitarias.Social distancing and quarantine have proven to have negative effects on the mental health of populations, namely fear, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Resilience emerges as a buffering variable for such impact. The objective of this study was to compare the psychological impact of Covid-19 in several Latin American countries. Method: a sample of 1184 participants from Mexico, Cuba, Chile, Colombia and Guatemala was obtained; whose age ranged from 18 to 83 years old (M = 38.78, SD = 13.81). A survey on medical symptoms associated with Covid-19 and three instruments to evaluate: (1) depression, anxiety and stress, (2) impact of the event and (3) resilience were administered. Results: Younger people, with more symptoms associated with Covid-19 and those who reported higher scores of impact of event tended to present greater depressive, anxious and stress symptomatology. The impact of the event was the most determinant predictor. Resilience was protective against the impact of event, depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusions: The results show the differences in the psychological response to Covid-19 in each country and suggesting the need to develop public policies focused on prevention and promotion of integral health when facing sanitary emergencies.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000342033https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-9790https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000006790nayib.carrasco@[email protected]://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Jjq1EgAAAAJ&hl=e