Demographic and clinical characteristic of the sample according with Baciloscopic Index.

a<p><i>t</i>-Test of Student;</p>b<p>Fisher’s Exact Test;</p>c<p>Baciloscopic Index (LBI  =  Baciloscopic Index Low; HBI  =  Baciloscopic Index High).</p

Genotypic and allelic distribution of SNPs on <i>CYP2E1</i> and <i>GSTM1</i> genes among patients grouped according to clinical evolution.

*<p>¹p-value;</p>*<p>²OR-odds ratio, CI-confidence interval.</p

Allele and genotype distributions of CYP2E1 and GSTM1 genes within two samples from leprosy patients and healthy individuals.

<p>Allele and genotype distributions of CYP2E1 and GSTM1 genes within two samples from leprosy patients and healthy individuals.</p

Combined and isolated genotypic distribution of <i>CYP2E1</i> gene (SNPs 1053T>C, 1293C>G and 7632T>A), and deletion (<i>GSTM1</i>^*<i>1/GSTM1</i>^*<i>0</i>) on gene <i>GSTM1</i> of patients classified accordingly to baciloscopic index BI (LBI and HBI).

*<p>¹p-value;</p>*<p>²OR-odds ratio, CI-confidence interval;</p>*<p>³Combined effect of mutant alleles of distinct genes.</p

Logistic regression analysis of the association between genetic markers and LBI/HBI response in leprosy patients.

<p><b>β</b>, Coefficient Stimation; <b>S.E.</b>, Standard Error; <b>df</b>, Degrees of Freedom; <b><i>p</i></b>, p-value; <b>OR</b>, Odds Ratio; <b>CI</b>, Confident Interval.</p

Characteristics of the specific regions in the urban area of Castanhal.

*<p>Annual detection rate per 100,000 people.</p><p>SEB = Spatially empirical Bayes.</p><p>LISA = Local indicator of spatial association (Local Moran's I).</p

Clusters of leprosy in Castanhal.

<p>(A) The spatial distribution of individual leprosy cases overlying the respective Kernel density estimation layer, representing areas with a high and low density of cases per km². (B) LISA test (local Moran's I) characterizing areas with a statistically significant (p<0.05) positive spatial association according to the raw detection rate. The areas marked as high-high indicate a high rate in an area surrounded by high values of the weighted average rate of the neighboring areas, and low-low represents areas with a lower rate surrounded by lower values. (C) The most likely cluster of leprosy detected by the Kulldorff's spatial scan statistics (<i>p</i><0.01).</p

Population density and spatial distribution of leprosy in Castanhal.

<p>(A) Population density per km² in the urban census tracts. (B) Raw number of leprosy cases per census tract. (C) Number of cases normalized by the population of each census tract per year (annual raw case detection rate per 100,000 people), classifying areas according to their level of endemicity, from low to hyperendemic, according to official parameters. (D) Spatially empirical Bayes smoothed detection rate (based on a queen spatial weight matrix) to smooth the differences between contiguous areas.</p

Space-time links among cases and proximity to students.

<p>An expanded view of a specific region identified as a cluster of leprosy (see <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002665#pntd-0002665-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2C</a>, Kulldorff's spatial scan statistics), showing the space-time links among cases and the spatial relationship with a surveyed school and seropositive students.</p

Spatial distribution of surveyed household contacts and school children.

<p>The spatial distribution of surveyed household contacts and school children according to their level of antibodies compared to the level of endemicity of the different census tracts.</p