ABaC:us — Austrian Baroque Corpus

Projektberich

Digitale Editionen aus der Perspektive von Expert:innen und User:innen — Rezensionen der Zeitschrift RIDE im Meta-Review

This article deals with the acceptance of digital editions among scholars. In order to identify recurring points of criticism of digital editions, seven volumes of the online journal RIDE (a review journal for digital editions and resources) published between 2014 and 2019 are analysed as a text corpus and subjected to a meta-review. By identifying specific lexemes and phrases that introduce or support critical statements, it can be shown in which aspects digital editions generally (still) do not sufficiently meet the assessment standards and expectations of their reviewers. The results of the analysis may provide recommendations for future digital editions

Female Murderers and the Representation of Crime in Execution Broadsheets in Eighteenth Century Vienna

While crime broadsides were a prominent part of eighteenth and nineteenth century print culture in countries such as Great Britain and France, scholars working on crime in early modern Austria have relatively few sources to work from in comparison. However, researchers have recently discovered 180 execution broadsides in the archives of the Austrian National Library and the Vienna City Library. This paper discusses the digitisation, annotation, and forthcoming online publication of these sources by the Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities (ACDH)

Editorial Introduction to Issue 11 of the Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative

It is with great pleasure that we present another issue of the Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative with papers selected from the sixteenth annual TEI Conference and Members’ Meeting, which was hosted by the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna in 2016. This issue illustrates the variety of research that is being done within the TEI community. The call for papers was issued by the Program Committee without limitation to a specific topic. Participants submitted proposals reflectin..

Editorial: Campus-Community-Partnerships: Zukunftspartnerschaften zwischen Hochschule und Gesellschaft

Ausgehend von der gleichnamigen Jahrestagung des internationalen Hochschulnetzwerks „Bildung durch Verantwortung“, die im Herbst 2022 zum ersten Mal in Österreich stattfgefunden hat, nimmt das Themenheft „Campus Community Partnerships“ (CCPs) in den Blick, d.h. die Zusammenarbeit von Hochschulen und Community-Partner:innen mit der Zielsetzung, sowohl wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzungen als auch gesellschaftlich relevante Problemstellungen sinnstiftend zu verknüpfen. Einen aktuellen empirischen Überblick zur Zusammenarbeit von Hochschulen und Praxispartner:innen (CCPs) gibt es für den deutschsprachigen Raum derzeit noch nicht, auch fehlt es nach wie vor an systematischer empirischer Forschung. Das Themenheft widmet sich dieser Forschungslücke auf Initiative des Forschungsnetzwerks „Hochschulen Engagiert Österreich“, ein 2019 gegründeter Zusammenschluss von Wissenschaftler:innen unterschiedlicher Hochschulen in Österreich, die sich mit dem Thema Zusammenarbeit zwischen Hochschule und Gesellschaft in ihrer Forschung und Lehre beschäftigen und dabei das Ziel verfolgen, wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zu sammeln, für den österreichischen Hochschulkontext zu erschließen und auf diese Weise das Thema in Österreich systematisch voranzutreibe

DIGITARIUM — Das Wien[n]erische Diarium digital

Projektberich

Encoding Crime and Punishment in TEI: The Digital Processing of Early Modern Broadsheets from Vienna

In this project note, we introduce a set of printed single broadsheets in German, recently discovered in two of Vienna’s libraries, which, thanks to their digitization, annotation, and online publication by the Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities (ACDH) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), promise to shed new light on the history of crime and punishment in early modern Vienna. The broadsheets, entitled “Death Sentences,” belong to a little-explored genre of print media distributed to advertise public executions and have not been subject to closer scholarly examination before now. In their investigation of the sources, the ACDH employs a mixed-method approach combining traditional and digital methods. The sources are transcribed and encoded according to the TEI Guidelines, making use, in particular, of the namesdates module to capture essential information about the convicts sentenced to death. The following description gives an overview of the encoding schemes applied and the research possibilities resulting from the use of these methods, and outlines the functionalities of the planned open-access edition. By making the processed and enriched data available to the public, we hope to pave the way for a comprehensive and interdisciplinary analysis of the sources, and to open up an interesting chapter of Viennese history to new audiences

Effects of Pentoxifylline and Alprostadil on Ocular Hemodynamics in Healthy Humans

PURPOSE. Alprostadil, a prostaglandin (PG)E 1 analogue and pentoxifylline, an alkylxanthine derivate, have been shown to exert vasodilatory effects in several vascular beds. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of PGE 1 and pentoxifylline on the ocular circulation. METHODS. A placebo-controlled, double-masked, three-way, crossover study was performed in 15 healthy male subjects. Subjects received pentoxifylline (300 mg), PGE 1 (alprostadil 60 g), or placebo intravenously over 2 hours on three trial days. Choroidal red blood cell flow was assessed with laser Doppler flowmetry and pulsatile choroidal blood flow with laser interferometric measurement of fundus pulsation amplitude (FPA). Retinal blood cell flow was calculated based on the measurements of maximum erythrocyte velocity in a retinal vein assessed with bidirectional laser Doppler velocimetry, and diameter measurements of retinal vessels were obtained with a retinal vessel analyzer. RESULTS. Pentoxifylline increased FPA by 15.4% Ϯ 1.1% (P Ͻ 0.001 versus placebo and baseline). Alprostadil tended to increase FPA, but this effect did not reach the level of significance (P ϭ 0.07 versus placebo). Choroidal blood flow as measured with laser Doppler flowmetry tended to increase during pentoxifylline and PGE 1 infusion by 8.9% Ϯ 2.9% (P ϭ 0.062) and 4.5% Ϯ 6.2% (P ϭ 0.29), respectively, but none of these effects was significant. The drugs under study had no effect on mean red blood cell velocity in retinal veins, on retinal vessel diameters, intraocular pressure, blood pressure, or pulse rate. CONCLUSIONS. PGE 1 did not alter the parameters of retinal or choroidal circulation in healthy subjects. Pentoxifylline increased FPA, but did not change choroidal blood flow as measured with laser Doppler flowmetry and did not affect retinal blood flow parameters. Accordingly, neither pentoxifylline nor PGE 1 appears to be suitable to improve ocular blood flow in healthy subjects. Whether long-term treatment with alprostadil would improve choroidal blood flow in patients with vascular disease remains to be established. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

Embedding Social Innovation and Service Learning in Higher Education's Third Sector Policy Developments in Austria

Social innovation in Austrian HEIs is discussed under the headline of their “Third Mission.” The HE sector is pressured to have more and more impact on society. Internationally speaking, many countries benefit from national policies and networks in the Third Sector, but policies in Austria were initiated only recently, in 2017, on a national level. Interestingly, the service learning approach as an innovative and socially responsible teaching methodology stands out in Austrian HE. This article classifies the developments of the Third Sector in Austria in the form of a policy brief. Austria has a growing community of practice in social innovation and service learning. The article gives insight into the strategic developments in Austria and is underpinned with recommendable action to be transferred to others

NhaP1 is a K+(Na+)/H+ antiporter required for growth and internal pH homeostasis of Vibrio cholerae at low extracellular pH

Vibrio cholerae has adapted to a wide range of salinity, pH and osmotic conditions, enabling it to survive passage through the host and persist in the environment. Among the many proteins responsible for bacterial survival under these diverse conditions, we have identified Vc-NhaP1 as a K+(Na+)/H+ antiporter essential for V. cholerae growth at low environmental pH. Deletion of the V. cholerae nhaP1 gene caused growth inhibition when external potassium was either limited (100 mM and below) or in excess (400 mM and above). This growth defect was most apparent at mid-exponential phase, after 4-6 h of culture. Using a pH-sensitive GFP, cytosolic pH was shown to be dependent on K+ in acidic external conditions in a Vc-NhaP1-dependent manner. When functionally expressed in an antiporterless Eschefichia coli strain and assayed in everted membrane vesicles, Vc-NhaP1 operated as an electroneutral alkali cation/proton antiporter, exchanging K+ or Na+ ions for H+ within a broad pH range (7.25-9.0). These data establish the putative V. cholerae NhaP1 protein as a functional K+(Na+)/H+ antiporter of the CPA1 family that is required for bacterial pH homeostasis and growth in an acidic environment.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Society for General Microbiology and can be found at: http://www.sgmjournals.org/.Keywords: Sodium, NA+/H+ antiporter, Potassium transport, Alginolyticus, Functional expression, Escherichia-coli, Salinity, Cloning, Marine bacterium, Proton motive forceKeywords: Sodium, NA+/H+ antiporter, Potassium transport, Alginolyticus, Functional expression, Escherichia-coli, Salinity, Cloning, Marine bacterium, Proton motive forc