Blood monocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell count in 13 patients with pandemic H1N1 influenza and 13 healthy controls.

<p>Results are expressed in median (range).</p><p>Asterisks indicate significant decrease (p<0.05 versus controls).</p

CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation markers in pandemic H1N1-infected patients and controls.

<p>Box plots show the 10^th, 25^th, 50^th (median), 75^th and 90^th percentile and outlying values. Gray box plots represent the percentage of CD4+ T cells (upper panel) and CD8+ T cells (lower panel) that express activation markers CD38/HLA-DR in 13 H1N1-infected patients at baseline (week 0) and during follow-up (week 1, 4, and 16). White box plots indicate 13 sex and aged-matched healthy controls. Asterisks indicate a significant increase in percentage of double positive DR+/CD38+ in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (p<0,05 versus controls).</p

Circulating myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in pandemic H1N1-infected patients and controls.

<p>Box plots show the 10th, 25th, 50th(median), 75th and 90th percentile and outlying values. Gray box plots represent the number of circulating mDCs (upper panel) and pDCs (lower panel) in 13 H1N1-infected patients at baseline (week 0) and during follow-up (week 1, 4 and 16). White box plots indicate 13 sex and aged-matched healthy controls. Asterisks indicate significant decrease of mDC and pDC (p<0,05 versus controls).</p

Plasma levels of chemokines and cytokines in pandemic H1N1-infected patients and controls.

<p>Dot plot represent circulating levels of chemokines CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL5/RANTES (upper panel) and cytokines TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-6, IL-15, IL-17 (lower panel) in 13 H1N1-infected patients at the time of hospitalization. Black circles indicate 13 sex and aged-matched healthy controls. Only the levels of IP-10 and RANTES were significantly higher in patients in comparison with the control group (p<0.01 for both).</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the 13 patients affected by pandemic H1N1 influenza.

<p>BMI: body mass index; Sat: saturation; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p

End-point titration of Bv^109ICWD infectivity in Bv109I.

<p>Triangles represent individual survival times. Voles that did not show signs of infection after 450 d.p.i. are plotted in compressed form after the x axes break point. The mean survival times (days ± standard deviation) and the numbers of diseased/inoculated voles are indicated on the right of each chart.</p

Survival times of Bv109I and Bv109M after primary transmission of CWD.

*<p>Published in Di Bari et al., 2008.</p

Lesion profiles of Bv109I infected with CWD following primary transmission and third passage.

<p>Pathological phenotypes observed after primary transmission and third passage are shown in (A) and (B), respectively. CWD1, 2 and 4 from elk, are shown in red, green and violet lines with open circles, respectively; CWD3 from mule deer, in blue line and closed circles; CWD5, 6 and 7 from W-T deer in red, green and violet dashed lines and closed triangles, respectively. Vole-adapted sheep scrapie is shown in black dashed line and closed circles. Brain-scoring areas are: medulla (1), cerebellum (2), superior colliculus (3), hypothalamus (4), thalamus (5), hippocampus (6), septum (7), retrosplenial and adjacent motor cortex (8), cingulate and adjacent motor cortex (9).</p

Regional distribution, by PET-blot, of PrP^res following the third passage of CWD1, CWD3, CWD5 and sheep scrapie in Bv109I.

<p>Coronal sections of the forebrain representing: telencephalon (A), diencephalon (B), midbrain (C) and hindbrain (D). In the lower part of the figure, the labelled coronal sections of negative control brain from 150 days old Bv109I are shown: VP, ventral pallidum; NC, neocortex; Hp, hippocampus; Th, thalamus; GN, geniculate nuclei; SN, substantia nigra; ICN, interposed cerebellar nucleus; MO, medulla oblongata.</p

Survival times of Bv109I and Bv109M after subsequent passages of CWD.

<p>The number of animals in each group is reported in brackets. The survival times of voles used for vole-to-vole transmissions, indicated as ‘donors’, are shown.</p