The antioxidant potential in blood plasma.

<p>Chicken blood plasma was collected after cold plasma treatment, and the antioxidant potential (AOP) was measured by means of assessing the total ascorbic acid equivalents that have not been oxidized by the sample. (<b>A</b>) A experimental scheme is shown for investigating the blood plasma of chicken embryos that were treated with the kINPen MED. (<b>B</b>) AOP of blood plasma collected after treatment with 0.9% NaCl solution, UV-A, or kINPen plasma (10 min). UV-A treatment differed significantly (<i>p</i><0.05) from NaCl controls whereas AOP in blood plasma 10 min (<i>p</i> = 0.62) or 60 min (<i>p</i> = 0.40) after exposure to the cold physical plasma of the kINPen MED did not (mean +S.D.).</p

Cold plasma treatment of the HET-MN.

<p>(<b>A</b>) The experimental chronology is shown. (<b>B</b>) Treatment of the inner egg membrane with the kINPen MED. (<b>C</b>) A representative blood smear and Giemsa staining is shown. Labeling refers to micronucleated (1), normochromic (2), late polychromatic (3), and primitive (4) erythrocytes.</p

Embryo viability following exposure to test agents.

<p>Egg membranes were treated with different test agents. After three days, the embryo viability was determined for each group. Shown are mean values +S.E. of 11 independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett post-testing.</p

Frequencies of nuclear aberrations, binucleated cells, and micronucleated definite erythrocytes.

<p>Frequencies of nuclear aberrations, binucleated cells, and micronucleated definite erythrocytes.</p

CAM irritation of different test agents.

<p>Given are representative images of the CAM three days after exposure to 0.9% NaCl solution (<b>A</b>), cyclophosphamide (<b>B</b>), methotrexate (<b>C</b>), argon gas treatment for 10 min (<b>D</b>), kINPen MED plasma treatment for 10 min (<b>E</b>), kINPen 09 plasma treatment for 2.5 min (<b>F</b>). D-F show hemorrhages, lysis/discoloration, coagulation (thrombus-intravascular and extravascular), and/or increased opacity.</p

Antiseptic treatment of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> SG81 biofilms.

<p>The analytical results by the Number of samples (n), Colony reduction factor (CRF) in log₁₀ (CFU/cm²) ± Standard Deviation (SD), lower and upper 95% confidence limits (CI) after exposure to air plasma for 30–600 s treatment time respectively and 0.1% CHX after 600 s exposure time and untreated control of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> SG81 biofilms [p-values of omnibus tests (Kruskal-Wallis) and two-sample tests (Whitney <i>U</i>); statistical significance: α = 0.05].</p>c<p>significantly different from CHX.</p>*<p>significantly different from the respective treatment time of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> RP62A.</p

Experimental setup of the SBD-B plasma source.

<p>A: Overview of the experimental setup. B: Near focus of the electrode in action mode above the discs with biofilms. C: Schematic representation of the experimental setup of SBD-B in cross section.</p

Spectrometric graph of irradiance by SBD-B generated air plasma within 300 s of exposure time between 200 and 400 nm.

<p>Spectrometric graph of irradiance by SBD-B generated air plasma within 300 s of exposure time between 200 and 400 nm.</p

Experimental setup of the SBD-A plasma source.

<p>A: Electrode and discs with biofilms on plastic flat grate. B: Configuration of the electrode in action mode. C: Schematic representation of the experimental setup of SBD-A.</p

Scanning electron micrographs of untreated and air plasma treated biofilms on polycarbonate discs.

<p>A) untreated biofilm of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> SG81 (5000-fold), B) untreated biofilm of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> RP62A (5000-fold), C) <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> SG81 biofilms after 300 s of air plasma treatment by SBD-A (2000-fold) and D) by SBD-B (1500-fold) as well as E) <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> RP62A biofilms after 300 s of air plasma treatment by SBD-A (1000-fold) and F) by SBD-B (5000-fold).</p