Additional file 1: of Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between energy intake and BMI z-score in European children

Baseline and follow-up characteristics (mean and SD) of exposure and outcome variates given by sex and age group at baseline for MVPA-subgroup. (DOCX 21 kb

Flow chart of the inclusion and exclusion of IDEFICS/I.Family participants.

<p>Flow chart of the inclusion and exclusion of IDEFICS/I.Family participants.</p

Associations of fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after two years and after six years of follow-up stratified by BMI category¹.

<p>Associations of fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after two years and after six years of follow-up stratified by BMI category<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165981#t003fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Associations of fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after two years and after six years of follow-up stratified by sex¹.

<p>Associations of fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after two years and after six years of follow-up stratified by sex<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165981#t004fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Associations of polyunsaturated fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after 2 years and after 6 years of follow-up estimated based on fully adjusted mixed-effects models¹.

<p>Associations of polyunsaturated fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after 2 years and after 6 years of follow-up estimated based on fully adjusted mixed-effects models<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165981#t002fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Baseline characteristics of the study population by blood pressure category¹ and sex.

<p>Baseline characteristics of the study population by blood pressure category<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165981#t001fn001" target="_blank">¹</a> and sex.</p

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<div> <p>Association between the accumulation of vulnerabilities at T0 and dietary patterns at T0 and T1 (reference: healthy). Results from the multinomial linear mixed model: odds ratios (OR) and 99% confidence intervals (CI) are shown.</p></div

Standardized estimates of direct effects of EPA on BMI z-score and SBP z-score/DBP z-score and indirect effects of EPA on SBP z-score/DBP z-score via BMI z-score in thin/normal weight versus overweight/obese children obtained from path analyses.

<p>Standardized estimates of direct effects of EPA on BMI z-score and SBP z-score/DBP z-score and indirect effects of EPA on SBP z-score/DBP z-score via BMI z-score in thin/normal weight versus overweight/obese children obtained from path analyses.</p

Theoretical models displaying the direct effects in proposed pathways through which BP (SBP or DBP, respectively) is affected by the SNP (rs174546), by fatty acids (DGLA, ARA, EPA, D5D index) as well as by BMI.

<p>Theoretical models displaying the direct effects in proposed pathways through which BP (SBP or DBP, respectively) is affected by the SNP (rs174546), by fatty acids (DGLA, ARA, EPA, D5D index) as well as by BMI.</p

Estimated marginal mean values for BMI at ages 1 to 11 years and 99% confidence intervals for the basic and covariate-adjusted model stratified by sex.

<p>Covariates are held constant (centred values for continuous variables, reference category for categorical variables).</p