Отказоустойчивый вентильный электро-привод для гибридного транспортного средства

Выпускная квалификационная работа содержит 79 страниц, 10 рисунка, 30 таблиц, 24 источников. Ключевые слова: гибридное транспортное средство, отказоустойчивый вентильный электропривод, математическая модель вентильного двигателя, неполнофазный режим работы, обрыв фазы двигателя, отказ ключа преобразователя частоты. Был проведён обзор аккумуляторов, обоснован выбор ёмкости аккумуляторной батареи. Цель работы – разработка отказоустойчивого вентильного электропривода для гибридного транспортного средства, обеспечение алгоритма восстановления работоспособности. Выпускная квалификационная работа выполнена в текстовом редакторе Microsoft Office Word 2010 с использованием пакетов: Microsoft Visio 2010, Matlab Simulink.Final qualifying work consists of 79 pages, 10 figure, 30 tables, 24 sources. Key words: hybrid vehicle, failover the valve actuator, the mathematical model of the brushless DC motor, open-phase mode, output phase loss, failure of a key of the frequency Converter. A review was undertaken of batteries and justifies the choice of battery capacity. The work purpose – development of fault-tolerant brushless drive for a hybrid vehicle, provision of algorithm restore functionality. Final qualifying work is executed in a text editor Microsoft Office Word 2010 packages: Microsoft Visio 2010, Matlab Simulink

Способ обработки крупногабаритных деталей

В данной статье приведены результаты исследования проблем обработки крупногабаритных деталей в условиях машиностроительных заводов Республики Казахстан. Исследования показали, что при обработке крупногабаритных деталей из труднообрабатываемых материалов возникают осевые и поперечные колебания, которые отрицательно сказываются на точности обработки и на стойкости режущего инструмента. Кроме этого существует проблема обработки крупногабаритных деталей с функционально связанными поверхностями. Для решения данных проблем предлагаются комбинированные способы обработки.This article presents the results of a study of the state of the problem of processing largesized parts in the conditions of machine-building plants of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). Studies have shown that when machining large parts from hard-to-digest materials, axial and lateral vibrations arise, which adversely affect machining accuracy and the resistance of the cutting tool. In addition, there is the problem of processing large parts with functionally connected surfaces. To solve these problems, combined treatment methods are proposed

Технико-экономические и экологические аспекты утилизация шламов, содержащих соединения цинка

По причине токсичности перед сбросом в водоемы ионы цинка выделяются из сточных вод в виде твердых соединений, которые осаждаются в виде шлама в прудах-накопителях. Приведены данные по количественному и качественному составам шлама в накопителеотстойнике предприятия по производству вискозного волокна. Отмечено, что такой накопитель в г. Красноярске является техногенным образованием содержащем ценное сырье - цинк. Поэтому необходима разработка и внедрение технологий переработки и утилизации цинксодержащих шламов различных производств.Zinc ions are toxic and they are isolated from sewage in the form of solid compounds before discharge into water bodies. Precipitation occurs in the form of slime in storage ponds. Data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the sludge in the reservoir-settler of an enterprise for the production of viscose fiber are given. It is noted that such a storage facility in Krasnoyarsk is a technogenic for mation containing valuable raw materials - zinc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement technologies for processing and utilization of zinc-containing slurries of various industries

A comparison of polarized and non-polarized human endometrial monolayer culture systems on murine embryo development

BACKGROUND: Co-culture of embryos with various somatic cells has been suggested as a promising approach to improve embryo development. Despite numerous reports regarding the beneficial effects of epithelial cells from the female genital tract on embryo development in a co-culture system, little is known about the effect of these cells when being cultured under a polarized condition on embryo growth. Our study evaluated the effects of in vitro polarized cells on pre-embryo development. METHODS: Human endometrial tissue was obtained from uterine specimens excised at total hysterectomy performed for benign indications. Epithelial cells were promptly isolated and cultured either on extra-cellular matrix gel (ECM-Gel) coated millipore filter inserts (polarized) or plastic surfaces (non-polarized). The epithelial nature of the cells cultured on plastic was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, and polarization of cells cultured on ECM-Gel was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). One or two-cell stage embryos of a superovulated NMRI mouse were then flushed and placed in culture with either polarized or non-polarized cells and medium alone. Development rates were determined for all embryos daily and statistically compared. At the end of the cultivation period, trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) of expanded blastocysts from each group were examined microscopically. RESULTS: Endometrial epithelial cells cultured on ECM-Gel had a highly polarized columnar shape as opposed to the flattened shape of the cells cultured on a plastic surface. The two-cell embryos cultured on a polarized monolayer had a higher developmental rate than those from the non-polarized cells. There was no statistically significant difference; still, the blastocysts from the polarized monolayer, in comparison with the non-polarized group, had a significantly higher mean cell number. The development of one-cell embryos in the polarized and non-polarized groups showed no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Polarized cells could improve in vitro embryo development from the two-cell stage more in terms of quality (increasing blastocyst cellularity) than in terms of developmental rate

Messung der Hell-Dunkel-Adaptation und ihre Beeinflussung durch die extrazelluläre Calciumkonzentration : elektrophysiologische Messungen am Ventralnerv Photorezeptor von Limulus polyphemus

Method: A set-up for intra- and extracellular electrophysiological measurements on the Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptor was built up. A suction electrode method was developed to record the extracellular currents of a single photoreceptor cell at different membrane areas. Simultaneously the voltage response (receptor potential) could be measured intracellularly. 1) The time course of dark adaptation following light adaptation by a bright 1 or 5 s illumination (4,4 $\cdot$ 10$^{16}$ photons $\cdot$ cm$^{- 2}$ $\cdot$ s$^{-1}$ at 543 nm) was measured by two different methods: a) $\underline{constant-stimulus-curves}$ were determined by measuring the amplitude of the intracellularly recorded receptor potential in response to test stimuli of constant intensity and duration in dependence on the dark adaptation time. b) $\underline{criterion-response-curves}$ were determined by measuring the sensitivity increase in dependence on the dark adaptation time by determining the light intensity necessary to evoke a criterion response amplitude of the receptor potential. The experimental data for the dark adaptation time t$_{DA}$ and the light intensity I were fitted by two exponential functions I = $\alpha \cdot I_{o} \cdot e^{\frac{-t_{DA}}{\tau}}$ and by two power functionsI = $a \cdot I_{o} \cdot t^{-b}_{DA}$ , respectively. The better fit - that means the higher r$^{2}$ -values (correlation coefficient) could be obtained by the power functions (fig. 18). 2) The time course of dark adaptation was characterized by two different phases, a fast and a slow one. The first rather fast increase of sensitivity after light adaptation ($\tau_{I}$ = 5,5 s; s$^{-}_{x}$ = ± 0,6 s, n = 16) was followed by a second slower phase ($\tau_{2}$ = 287 s; s$^{-}_{x}$ = ± 44 s, n = 16). In the double logarithmic plot two different slopes could be determined. The exponent $\underline{b}_{1}$ characterizing the first slope was 3,5 (s$^{-}_{x}$ = ± 0,4; n = 16) in the average and $\underline{b}_{2}$ characterizing the second slope was 1,0 (s$^{-}_{x}$ = ± 0,1; n = 13) in the average. 3) The influence of the extracellular Ca$^{2+}$-concentration on the dark adaptation process was investigated. Only the first phase of dark adaptation was strongly dependent on thechanged extracellular Ca$^{2+}$-concentration - in accordance with the Ca$^{2+}$-hypothesis (Lisman and Brown, 1972) - while the second phase of dark adaptation was nearly Ca$^{2+}$-independent (s. Tab. 11). According to this effect the coefficients $\underline{b}$ and $\underline{a}$ of the power function were changed: The exponent $\underline{b}_{1}$ was decreased to 1,7 (s$^{-}_{x}$ = ± 0,5; n = 6) when the external Ca$^{2+}$-concentration was lowered from10 mmol/l to 250 $\mu$mol/l (see for example fig. 22); $\underline{b}_{1}$ was increased to 4,7 (s$^{-}_{x}$ = $\pm$ 0,5; n = 3) raising the extracellular Ca$^{2+}$-concentration to 40 mmol/l (see for example fig. 24). The factor $\underline{a}$ characterizing the sensitivity for t$_{DA}$ = 1 s varies greatly from experiment to experiment; $\underline{a}_{1}$ is decreased - corresponding to a greater sensitivity - to about 5 % in the average by lowering the extracellularCa$^{2+}$-concentration and strongly increased by a factor of 70 by raising the extracellular Ca$^{2+}$-concentration