The Relationship Between Counselors\u27 Multicultural Counseling Competence and Poverty Beliefs

The relationship between increased levels of poverty and decreased levels of psychological wellbeing and overall wellness is well documented. Although poverty clearly impacts mental health and wellness, little research in counseling has been conducted exploring the poverty attitudes of counselors. This study explored the relationship between professional counselors’ multicultural counseling competence (MCC), poverty beliefs, and select demographic factors (i.e. counseling specialty, gender, age, ethnocultural identity, poverty counseling experience, and personal poverty experience). Data were collected using survey-based methods from professional counselors of all specialties. Results of a hierarchical linear regression indicate that increased MCC, adjusted for select demographic factors, is predictive of increased counselor structural poverty beliefs and decreased counselor individualistic poverty beliefs. Further, select counselor demographic factors were found to not be significantly linked to individualistic and structural poverty beliefs. Analyses of these results were insignificant. Implications for counseling practice, education, and supervision, along with future research, directions are included

Population Genetics of Bowfins (Amiidae, Amia spp.) Across the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Carolinas

The Bowfin, Amia calva Linneaus (1766), is a common Eastern North American fish and the last extant member of the order Amiiformes. By 1870, twelve additional species of Bowfin had been described from widely dispersed localities from lakes Huron and Champlain in the north to Charleston, SC, and New Orleans, LA, in the south. This diversity of nominal forms was synonymized into a single species, A. calva, by Jordan and Evermann in 1896. Since then, this monotypy hypothesis has been generally accepted, but never scientifically validated. Recently, this hypothesis was challenged when morphological analyses of Bowfin from Savanah River, SC, and Lake Ontario basins revealed that there appeared to be two distinct Bowfin species. This study further evaluates the monotypy hypothesis using molecular biological techniques. Analysis of the barcoding gene Cythochrome Oxidase I was used to phylogenetically compare specimens collected from the Great Lakes and the Carolinas. Sanger sequencing of that gene allowed for proper alignment and genetic classification of fish from each region. Maximum likelihood analyses of COI sequence data indicated the presence of distinct genetic clades from the Carolinas and the Great Lakes (divergence about 1%), and apparent distinction of two clades within the Carolinas (from NC and SC). This supports previous inferences based on morphology that there are two species of Bowfin -- from the Carolinas and from the Great Lakes. Results have important implications for delimiting potential extant species and, thus, improving taxonomy of the Bowfin and providing a critical foundation for conservation and management

Population Genetics of Bowfins (Amiidae) across the Laurentian Great Lakes

The Bowfin, Amia calva (Linneaus, 1766), is a common Eastern North American fish and the last extant member of the order Amiiformes. By 1870, thirteen species of bowfin had been described across North America. These species included Amia ocellicauda from Georgian Bay in Lake Huron (Todd, in Richardson, 1836), A.occidentalis from St. Mary’s River in Lake Huron (Dekay, 1842), A. canina from Lake Erie (Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847) and the first-described bowfin, A. calva, from Charleston, South Carolina. This diversity was condensed down to a single species, A. calva, by Jordan and Evermann in 1896. Since then, this monotypy hypothesis has been generally accepted, but never scientifically validated. In 2014, this hypothesis was challenged when specimens from the Savanah River and Lake Ontario basins were compared morphometrically (Clifford, 2014). Results from this study concluded that there were in fact 2 distinct species. Fish from the Savanah River basin should be referred to as Amia calva and those from Lake Ontario as Amia species incertae sedis. Our study continues the testing of the monotypy hypothesis using molecular biology. Analysis of the barcoding gene Cythochrome Oxidase I is being used to phylogenetically compare specimens collected from Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and the Carolinas. Sanger sequencing of this gene has allowed us to properly align and genetically classify fish from each locality. As a result, we can then begin to delineate potential species and improve taxonomic classification. Data collected from our study is also being used to complement morphometric data and eventually shed light on a subject which has been untouched for almost 120 years

Strategies for Integrating Wellness into Practicum Supervision

The high-stress work of the counseling profession has been linked to burnout and counselor impairment. This poses major ethical concerns for counseling practice. It has been suggested in the counseling literature that well-counselors are more helpful to their clients compared to those experiencing impairment and distress. Effective counselors are individuals continuously working toward enhancing their personal and professional wellness. Promoting student health and wellness begins with integrating this belief within counselor training programs. Wellness strategies may provide supervisors with tools to increase student wellness, prevent burnout, and assist in protecting clients from impaired counselors. This is essential because beginning counselors in training may not have knowledge about the importance of wellness as it relates to professional practice. This manuscript identifies the need to infuse wellness initiatives into the supervision experiences of master’s level counselors in training (CITs). Wellness models and concepts are discussed, a model for integrating wellness into CITs’ practicum supervisory experiences is proposed, and implications and future research directions are shared

α-Hemolysin as a Candidate for a Vaccine for \u3cem\u3eStaphylococcus aureus\u3c/em\u3e in Bovine Mastitis

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacteria responsible for many types of infections. It is abundant in nature, even present on our own skin, usually harmless. However, it is the leading cause of infection in humans. S. aureus also harms animals, and in dairy cows, causes Bovine mastitis. This disease results in a decreased quality and quantity of milk, inflammation of the mammary glands, and can even be transmitted to humans.(1) Because of this, there are massive economic ramifications estimated at $629 million annually.(2) This study focuses on a virulent factor known as a-hemolysin (Hla) and cloning this into S. aureus bacteria to make a vaccine to treat bovine mastitis. This is a protein present on the cell membrane of S. aureus, known for its cytotoxic properties. To harm eukaryotic cells, research suggests that Hla has a close relationship with a eukaryotic cell receptor known as ADAM10. Normally, this receptor has a role in the development of the nervous system, and in precursor formation of the amyloid protein. When S. aureus is exposed to these cell receptors, a bridge is formed between the Hla protein of the bacteria and the surface receptor ADAM10. After the link is formed, the Hla protein drills a pore into the eukaryotic cell causing it to lyse. (3) This makes the Hla protein a great candidate for a vaccine, as if this interaction could be prevented, then harm would be reduced in the host cell

Career Experiences of Women With Major Financial Barriers

The career experiences of women facing major financial barriers are unique and varied. To better understand and assist such women, the authors interviewed 10 women twice to explore their lived career experiences, using photographs in one interview as stimuli to increase participants\u27 voice and triangulate data. Participants\u27 responses were grouped into 20 themes across 4 domains: career as privilege, reasons for engaging in work, supports, and barriers. Women with major financial barriers appear to understand career as a privilege while experiencing significant obstacles to successfully obtaining work. Participants expressed resiliency and self-motivation to transcend and mitigate these obstacles. This study indicates a need for increased focus on the career development and engagement of marginalized populations in career counseling theory, assessment, and practice while suggesting practical interventions

Sle1 (\u3cem\u3eaaa\u3c/em\u3e) and Alpha Hemolysin (\u3cem\u3ehla\u3c/em\u3e) \u3cem\u3eStaphylococcus aureus\u3c/em\u3e Antigens as a Potential Vaccine for Cows

Knowledge of Staphylococcus aureus is essential to understanding how this pathogen causes different types of infections in humans. It can cause skin superficial infections and gastroenteritis. It can also cause infections in the joints and wounds, therefore causing humans to be severely ill by causing sepsis or infection in the blood. It is also very commonly antibiotic-resistant. In the lab, we are working with this priority pathogen because of antibiotic resistance. Cows can get S. aureus from humans, and it causes mastitis. This affects the dairy industry which is very important in the United States, but also specifically important in Idaho. We are making our vaccine through what\u27s called a chimera, we are fusing antigen proteins from S. aureus to cholera toxin (CT). The antigens we are using is Aaa/Sle1; a peptidoglycan hydrolase and adhesin, and Hla, a hemolytic pore protein. We have performed PCR and cloned this gene into a vector for chimera expression. The importance of this research is to improve productivity and quality of life by preventing S. aureus in cows. Everything that we learn about developing a vaccine for a cow can also translate to developing a vaccine for humans

Effective Remediation in Master’s-Level Counseling Students

Despite evidence that remediation is effective, little is known about counselor educators’ experience with remediation. In this consensual qualitative study, authors interviewed counselor educators (N=11) to better understand remedial practices and identify effective strategies. Findings have implications for the remediation of master’s-level students in counselor education

Atmospheric Conditions Preceeding Very Rapid Sea Ice Loss Events

Even though the observed amplified warming trend in the Arctic region is well-established in theory through climate feedbacks and reproduced in global climate model projections, the same global climate models underestimate the corresponding decline in Arctic sea ice extent. Even some of the most sophisticated global climate models do not reproduce the observed characteristics or trends in present day Arctic cyclones. These results would indicate that a deeper understanding of the ocean-atmosphere interface is critical to improving both forecasting and analysis of stronger storms – systems that have the potential to both interfere with maritime transport and act to increase sea-ice loss. Periods of significant sea ice loss have been observed in conjunction with extreme cyclones during the summer, such as the “Great Arctic Cyclone” in August 2012. We refer to such sea ice loss events that occur over a few days as very rapid sea ice loss events. The goals of this thesis are two fold: 1.) To establish that a relationship between Tropopause Polar Vortices, surface cyclones, and very rapid sea ice loss events (VRILEs) exists and 2.) To characterize what atmospheric and sea ice conditions are ideal for VRILEs to occur. We hypothesize that long-lived Arctic cyclones located over thin ice have the greatest impact on sea ice loss. After identifying the time and location of the VRILEs using sea ice extent and concentration data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center, we composite cases separately for summer (JJA) and winter (DJF) events. Results show that on average during the summer, very rapid sea ice loss events occur in a region of particularly strong pressure gradient between an Arctic cyclone and high pressure over the Beaufort Sea. During winter, very rapid sea ice loss events occur when the pressure gradient region of cyclones entering the Arctic from midlatitude storm tracks is strong over the marginal ice zones. Composites further reveal the presence of a tropopause polar vortex located above the Arctic cyclone but exhibiting a slight vertical tilt at the time of the ice loss event. Comparisons of Arctic cyclones associated with very rapid ice loss events from those that are not reveal that cyclone lifetime, radius, and speed are statistically significant properties but minimum mslp is not