Emotional Abilities in Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): Impairments in Perspective-Taking and Understanding Mixed Emotions are Associated with High Callous-Unemotional Traits

Most studies of emotion abilities in disruptive children focus on emotion expression recognition. This study compared 74 children aged 4-8 years with ODD to 45 comparison children (33 healthy; 12 with an anxiety disorder) on behaviourally assessed measures of emotion perception, emotion perspective-taking, knowledge of emotions causes and understanding ambivalent emotions and on parent-reported cognitive and affective empathy. Adjusting for child's sex, age and expressive language ODD children showed a paucity in attributing causes to emotions but no other deficits relative to the comparison groups. ODD boys with high levels of callous-unemotional traits (CU) (n = 22) showed deficits relative to low CU ODD boys (n = 25) in emotion perspective-taking and in understanding ambivalent emotions. Low CU ODD boys did not differ from the healthy typically developing boys (n = 12). Impairments in emotion perceptive-taking and understanding mixed emotions in ODD boys are associated with the presence of a high level of CU

Reorienting Locus of Control in Individuals Who Have Offended Through Strengths-Based Interventions: Personal Agency and the Good Lives Model

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Determinants of female adolescents’ quality of life before, during and after detention : a four-wave follow-up study examining a theory of individual quality of life

Quality of Life (QoL) has become an important indicator of health care needs and treatment outcomes. Yet studies on this topic among detained girls are still very scarce. This study aimed to fill this void by examining a theory of individual QoL, focussing on determinants of detained girls’ QoL over time. A four-wave follow-up study was conducted among 147 detained girls (Mage = 16.20). Participants rated their self-perceived QoL (i.e., physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment) before, during, and after detention. At baseline (i.e., shortly after admission), personal and environmental determinants of QoL were measured through self-report and file-information, including psychiatric disorders, reason for detention and trauma exposure. Multilevel growth curve analyses indicated that girls’ QoL decreased after admission, remained stable during detention, but increased after discharge, supporting the hypothesized dynamic nature of QoL. However, findings differed depending upon the QoL domain and baseline level. None of the three hypothesized determinants had significant main/interaction effects on QoL, at least not when controlling for baseline QoL and covariates. Yet, one covariate (i.e., school attendance) displayed significant main/interaction effects. These findings indicate that the influence of a particular determinant dependents upon a complex interplay of other personal/environmental factors. To conclude, we highlight the need for critical reflections upon the restricting and segregating nature of detention facilities and suggest there is a need to implement QoL enhancement strategies to create a more supportive climate for change. Moreover, we formulate recommendations for future research in order to further stimulate QoL theory evaluation and development

The role of personal resilience and interpersonal support in building fulfilling and prosocial lives : examining the good lives model among young women four years after youth detention

Despite growing interest in strength-based rehabilitation frameworks, relevant internal/external resources that are likely to facilitate the rehabilitation of detained female adolescents (DFA) have been understudied. This study aims to fill this gap by studying the role of young women’s personal resilience and interpersonal support in building fulfilling and prosocial lives 4 years after youth detention, thereby examining the strength-based good lives model (GLM). Forty-nine former DFA (Mage=20.75) completed questionnaires about resilience, support, Quality of Life (QoL), and offending. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that young women with more resilience displayed higher QoL and less offending, while more support was associated with higher QoL only. The relationship between resilience and QoL/ offending did not depend upon the level of support. Overall, our results support the applicability of the GLM to former DFA, showing evidence for the importance of both internal and external resources in building fulfilling and prosocial lives

A qualitative study on young women’s lives prior to and four years after youth detention : examining the good lives model’s aetiological assumptions

Detained female adolescents constitute a vulnerable, challenging, and understudied minority. Interventions for DFA are still dominated by risk management approaches with less focus on strength-based approaches such as the Good Lives Model (GLM). This study explored the functionality of DFA’s behaviour prior to and four years after release from detention, using the GLM as the guiding theoretical framework. A theory-driven thematic analysis was conducted of 30 in-depth interviews with former DFA (Mage = 20.80), exploring the fulfilment of their basic human needs (e.g., relatedness, independence) before and after detention. Before detention, the young women experienced multiple problems trying to fulfil multiple human needs, often contributing to poor balance in their lives and their antisocial behaviour. Although external and internal obstacles to fulfilling human needs were still present at follow-up, important improvements were noted, e.g., in the scope of their human needs and the resources available to fulfil their needs. The findings provide additional insights into the issues experienced by young women in detention and indicate there are opportunities to assist these young women, through the development of appropriate resources and capacities which provide them with appropriate means for fulfilling their needs and moving towards a personally meaningful and prosocial life

The rehabilitation of offenders : reducing risk and promoting better lives

This article examines the nature of offender rehabilitation and briefly reviews the effectiveness of correctional interventions in reducing recidivism. It then outlines the two most prominent contemporary theories of offender rehabilitation: the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model and the Good Lives Model (GLM). Our aim is to introduce these two broad rehabilitation frameworks and analyse their practice implications. We conclude that the GLM can offer an alternative view of offender rehabilitation that seeks to help offenders live more fulfilling lives while also reducing risk