Estimation of invasive potential of Group B streptococcus (GBS) serotypes in different countries.

<p>In our data two isolates of the same serotype (i.e III) were obtained from the same infant, and only one isolate was included in the analysis.</p>a<p>Value indicates colonizing isolates.</p>b<p>Value indicates neonatal invasive isolates.</p>c<p>Value in parenthesis indicates OR and 95% CI.</p>d<p>ND: No data for either invasive, colonization or both isolates.</p

Trial Profile.

<p>Trial Profile.</p

Serotype distribution among invasive disease isolates from early onset (EOS; <7 days of age), late onset diseases (LOD; 7 to 90 days of age) and in children older than 90 days.

1<p>Figure in squared parenthesis indicates number of isolates which were serologically non-reactive but typed by PCR.</p>2<p>Figure in rounded parenthesis is a percentage.</p

Predictive value for 20–25, 26–30 and 31–35 weeks cultures in relation to culture status at 37+ weeks.

<p>PPV: Positive predictive value, NPV: Negative predictive value, CI-Confidence interval.</p

Association of pilus island proteins and serotypes among Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> isolates.

<p>Association of pilus island proteins and serotypes among Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> isolates.</p

Demographics of the study population at time of enrolment (n = 661).

a<p>Data are no (%) of total participants, ^b,cData are row %.</p

Serotype distribution among maternal and newborn colonizing Group B streptococcus isolates.

1<p>Molecular serotype identification by PCR was done by primers targeting serotypes 1a to V.</p

Demographic characteristic of infants with invasive Group B streptococcus disease.

<p>Demographic characteristic of infants with invasive Group B streptococcus disease.</p

Univariate and multivariate association between serotype-specific colonization and observed demographic characteristics at enrolment.

<p>OR: odds ratio; AOR: adjusted OR; CI: confidence interval.</p

Temporal Changes in Invasive Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> Serotypes: Implications for Vaccine Development

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>There is a paucity of longitudinal data on the serotype-specific burden of invasive group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS) disease from low-middle income countries, which could inform selection of vaccine epitopes.</p><p>Methods</p><p>From 2005 to 2014, infants less than 90 days of age with invasive GBS disease were identified through sentinel laboratory and hospital admission surveillance at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in Soweto, South Africa.</p><p>Results</p><p>We identified 820 cases of invasive GBS disease, including 55% among newborns <7 days age (i.e. early-onset disease; EOD). The overall incidence (per 1,000 live births) of invasive GBS disease was 2.59 (95% CI: 2.42–2.77), including 1.41 (95% CI: 1.28–1.55) for EOD and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.06–1.30) in infants 7–89 days age (late-onset disease). Year-on-year, from 2005 to 2014, we observed a 9.4% increase in incidence of serotype Ia invasive disease (RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.15; p<0.001), and a 7.4% decline in serotype III invasive disease (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90–0.96; p<0.001). Overall, serotypes Ia (28.2%), III (55.4%) and V (7.9%) were the commonest disease causing serotypes.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The incidence of invasive GBS disease has remained persistently high in our setting, with some changes in serotype distribution, albeit mainly involving the same group of dominant serotypes.</p></div