Dear Feminist Press

Letter from Woman\u27s Role Group of East Hill School, 116 N Quarry St., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850

La perception de la recherche chez les infirmières oeuvrant en oncologie clinique

La recherche fait partie intégrante du domaine des soins infirmiers en oncologie et est une des raisons pour lesquelles la pratique infirmière en oncologie est devenue une spécialité

Clinical oncology nurses' perceptions of research

Within the realm of oncology nursing, research has been an integral part in its development as a specialty practice. Yet despite the growing volume of published nursing research studies, little is known about how nurses working in oncology care settings perceive research. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine clinical oncology nurses' perceptions of research and to determine factors influencing their perceptions. Two hundred and eighty-three registered nurses providing cancer care to patients in 40 health care agencies across northern Ontario participated in the survey. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed by Alcock and colleagues (1990) which addressed nurses' perceived value of research, their role, interest and experience in research as well as the research climate of the agency. The findings showed that respondents valued nursing research and perceived a research role for staff nurses. However, the respondents did not perceive strong administrative or collegial support for nurses' involvement in research activities. In addition, the study results indicated that the clinical oncology nurses' perceptions of research were influenced by educational preparation

Initiating aerobic exercise with low glycogen content reduces markers of myogenesis but not mTORC1 signaling

Background The effects of low muscle glycogen on molecular markers of protein synthesis and myogenesis before and during aerobic exercise with carbohydrate ingestion is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of initiating aerobic exercise with low muscle glycogen on mTORC1 signaling and markers of myogenesis. Methods Eleven men completed two cycle ergometry glycogen depletion trials separated by 7-d, followed by randomized isocaloric refeeding for 24-h to elicit low (LOW; 1.5 g/kg carbohydrate, 3.0 g/kg fat) or adequate (AD; 6.0 g/kg carbohydrate, 1.0 g/kg fat) glycogen. Participants then performed 80-min of cycle ergometry (64 ± 3% VO2peak) while ingesting 146 g carbohydrate. mTORC1 signaling (Western blotting) and gene transcription (RT-qPCR) were determined from vastus lateralis biopsies before glycogen depletion (baseline, BASE), and before (PRE) and after (POST) exercise. Results Regardless of treatment, p-mTORC1Ser2448, p-p70S6KSer424/421, and p-rpS6Ser235/236 were higher (P < 0.05) POST compared to PRE and BASE. PAX7 and MYOGENIN were lower (P < 0.05) in LOW compared to AD, regardless of time, while MYOD was lower (P < 0.05) in LOW compared to AD at PRE, but not different at POST. Conclusion Initiating aerobic exercise with low muscle glycogen does not affect mTORC1 signaling, yet reductions in gene expression of myogenic regulatory factors suggest that muscle recovery from exercise may be reduced

Orally Ingested Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Interventions as Countermeasures for Gastrointestinal Tract Infections in Non-elderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Meta-analyses have not examined the prophylactic use of orally ingested probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics for preventing gastrointestinal tract infections (GTI) of various etiologies in adult populations despite evidence that these gut microbiota-targeted interventions can be effective in treating certain GTI. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the effects of prophylactic use of orally ingested probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on GTI incidence, duration, and severity in non-elderly, non-hospitalized adults. CENTRAL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through January 2022. English-language, peer-reviewed publications of randomized, placebo-controlled studies testing an orally ingested probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic intervention of any dose for ≥1 week in adults who were not hospitalized, immunosuppressed, or taking antibiotics were included. Results were analyzed using random-effects meta-analyses of intention-to-treat (ITT) and complete case (CC) cohorts. Heterogeneity was explored by subgroup meta-analysis and meta-regression. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. Seventeen publications reporting 20 studies of probiotics (n=16), prebiotics (n=3), and synbiotics (n=1) were identified (n\u3e6,994 subjects). In CC and ITT analyses, risk of experiencing ≥1 GTI was reduced with probiotics (CC analysis: risk ratio=0.86 [95%CI: 0.73, 1.01]) and prebiotics (risk ratio=0.80 [95%CI: 0.66, 0.98]). No effects on GTI duration or severity were observed. Sources of heterogeneity included study population and number of probiotic strains administered, but were often unexplained, and a high risk of bias was observed for most studies. Specific effects of individual probiotic strains and prebiotic types could not be assessed due to a lack of confirmatory studies. Findings indicated that orally ingested probiotics and prebiotics, relative to placebo, both demonstrated modest benefit for reducing GTI risk in non-elderly adults. However, results should be interpreted cautiously due to the low number of studies, high risk of bias, and unexplained heterogeneity that may include probiotic strain- or prebiotic-specific effects. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42020200670

CDCP1 enhances Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer promoting nuclear localization of β-catenin and E-cadherin

Elevated CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is predictive of colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence and poor patient survival. While CDCP1 expression identifies stem cell populations that mediate lung metastasis, mechanisms underlying the role of this cell surface receptor in CRC have not been defined. We sought to identify CDCP1 regulated processes in CRC using stem cell populations, enriched from primary cells and cell lines, in extensive in vitro and in vivo assays. These experiments, demonstrating that CDCP1 is functionally important in CRC tumor initiation, growth and metastasis, identified CDCP1 as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling. Detailed cell fractionation, immunoprecipitation, microscopy, and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that CDCP1 promotes translocation of the key regulators of Wnt signaling, β-catenin, and E-cadherin, to the nucleus. Of functional importance, disruption of CDCP1 reduces nuclear localized, chromatin-associated β-catenin and nuclear localized E-cadherin, increases sequestration of these proteins in cell membranes, disrupts regulation of CRC promoting genes, and reduces CRC tumor burden. Thus, disruption of CDCP1 perturbs pro-cancerous Wnt signaling including nuclear localization of β-catenin and E-cadherin