Implementação de um sistema de algoritmos de programação não-linear

This work is the result of the computer implementation of a set of nonlinear programming algorithms destined to solve constrained or unconstrained problems. The methods are concisely discussed after which the corresponding algorithms are presented. As the algorithms are approached from an essentially practical point of view, no original theoretical developments are pursued with the possible exception of some emphasis on the precision manipulations made by the algorithms. The system has been organized in order to provide to the user a good easiness in operation.COPPETECUniversidade Federal de Ouro PretoEste trabalho resulta da implementação, em computador, de uma série de algoritmos destinados a resolver problemas vinculados e desvinculados da área de Programação Linear. Os métodos são apresentados de forma resumida e, em seguida, são expostos os algoritmos correspondentes. O trabalho é de cunho essencialmente prático e não houve, por este motivo, intenção de estabelecer desenvolvimentos teóricos inéditos, a menos de uma pequena ênfase sobre manipulação de precisões utilizadas pelos algoritmos. O sistema foi organizado de modo a oferecer facilidades de operação aos usuários que dele fizerem uso

Ciência cidadã na promoção da biodiversidade

Citizen’s science is one of the emerging ways of bringing science closer to citizens, showing its capacity to contribute to a more participatory science and its involvement in several activities developed, namely those that focus on education for sustainability. Citizen’s science has a great potential for the citizen’s engagement and commitment in the main challenges of society. The preservation and promotion of biodiversity is one of the examples which the link between those who make science and the citizens is essential for the achievement of the proposed goals. The creation of a database of biodiversity supported by the concept of citizen science and promoter of urban biodiversity and a project for waste’s reduction and recovery, contributing to the reduction of waste accumulation in cities, are the two examples proposed by the Landscape Laboratory and reported here. Citizen’s science can, therefore, be an essential tool for the engagement of ordinary citizens. It also should be used as a motivating tool for the school community involving them in the protection and promotion of biodiversity.Hoy en día, la ciencia ciudadana es reconocida como una de las formas emergentes de acercar la ciencia a la ciudadanía, mostrando su capacidad para contribuir a una ciencia más participativa y su implicación en las distintas actividades desarrolladas, es decir, las que se centran en la educación para la sostenibilidad. No solo está en juego el potencial de la ciencia ciudadana como estrategia para una acción más participativa de la ciudadanía, sino, fundamentalmente, su potencial de compromiso e implicación en los principales retos de la sociedad actual. La preservación y promoción de la biodiversidad es uno de los ejemplos aquí y cuya conexión entre los que hacen ciencia y los ciudadanos es fundamental para el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos. En el presente caso, se presentan como ejemplos la creación de una base de datos de biodiversidad sustentada en el concepto de ciencia ciudadana y promotora de la biodiversidad urbana y un proyecto de reducción y valorización de residuos, que promueve la reducción de la acumulación de residuos en las ciudades. por el Laboratorio Paisgaem en Guimarães. La ciencia ciudadana puede, por lo tanto, ser una herramienta esencial en la capacidad que demuestra para involucrar a los ciudadanos comunes, y puede y debe usarse como un instrumento de motivación de la comunidad escolar para su participación y responsabilidad, es decir, en la protección y promoción de la biodiversidad.Hoxe en día, a ciencia cidadá é recoñecida como unha das formas emerxentes de achegar a ciencia á cidadanía, mostrando a súa capacidade para contribuír a unha ciencia máis participativa e a súa implicación nas distintas actividades desenvolvidas, é dicir, as que se centran na educación para a sustentabilidade. Non só está en xogo o potencial da ciencia cidadá como estratexia para unha acción máis participativa da cidadanía, senón, fundamentalmente, o seu potencial de compromiso e implicación nos principais retos da sociedade actual. A preservación e promoción da biodiversidade é un dos exemplos aquí e cuxa conexión entre os que fan ciencia e os cidadáns é fundamental para o cumprimento dos obxectivos propostos. No presente caso, preséntanse como exemplos a creación dunha base de datos de biodiversidade sustentada no concepto de ciencia cidadá e promotora da biodiversidade urbana e un proxecto de redución e valorización de residuos, que promove a redución da acumulación de residuos nas cidades. polo Laboratorio Paisgaem en Guimarães. A ciencia cidadá pode, por tanto, ser unha ferramenta esencial na capacidade que demostra para involucrar aos cidadáns comúns, e pode e debe usarse como un instrumento de motivación da comunidade escolar para a súa participación e responsabilidade, é dicir, na protección e promoción da biodiversidade.A ciência cidadã é hoje, reconhecidamente, uma das formas emergentes de aproximação da ciência aos cidadãos, mostrando a sua capacidade de contribuir para uma ciência mais participativa e o envolvimento destes nas diversas atividades desenvolvidas, nomeadamente aquelas que se debruçam sobre a educação para a sustentabilidade. Em causa não está apenas o potencial da ciência cidadã como estratégia para uma ação mais participada dos cidadãos, mas, essencialmente, o seu potencial de comprometimento e envolvimento destes nos principais desafios da sociedade atual. A preservação e promoção da biodiversidade é um dos exemplos aqui vertidos e cuja ligação entre aqueles que fazem ciências e os cidadãos é essencial para o cumprimento dos objetivos propostos. No presente caso, apresentam-se como exemplos a criação de uma base de dados de biodiversidade suportado pelo conceito da ciência cidadã e promotor da biodiversidade urbana e um projeto de redução e valorização de resíduos, impulsionador da redução de acumulação de resíduos nas cidades, desenvolvidos pelo Laboratório da Paisgaem de Guimarães. A ciência cidadã pode, por isso, ser uma ferramenta essencial na capacidade que demonstra de envolvimento dos cidadãos comuns, podendo e devendo ser utilizada como um instrumento de motivação da comunidade escolar para o seu envolvimento e responsabilização nomeadamente na proteção e promoção da biodiversidade

Effect of Edible Onion (Allium cepa L.) Film on Quality, Sensory Properties and Shelf Life of Beef Burger Patties

The production of edible film from onion (Allium cepa L.) to be applied as packaging is attractive, due to its chemical properties and biodegradable characteristics. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that edible onion film can positively influence the sensory properties, quality and increasing shelf life of beef burgers patties. The experiment was designed in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with two treatments (beef burgers patties with or without edible onion film) at an interval of four storage times (0, 3, 6 and 9 days) at 4 °C. The uncoated burger patties (control) suffered the most intense color modifications during the storage (p < 0.05). The luminosity index was higher (p < 0.05) in the control at all storage times, except at day 6, and redness, yellowness and chrome were higher (p < 0.05) in the edible onion film patties at all storage times. The pH of the beef burger patties was lower (p < 0.05) at all storage times when the edible onion film was applied. For the texture profile, only the chewiness was affected, as the inclusion of the edible onion film improved the chewing of the beef burgers patties over the storage time (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was an inhibition of the microbial growth of mesophiles and psychrophiles with the application of the edible onion film in beef burgers patties. The use of edible onion film improved the perception of panelists for the variables texture, color, flavor, odor and overall appearance, and increased the preference of panelists. The edible onion film is recommended for preserving beef burgers patties, as it delays the proliferation of unwanted microorganisms, stabilizes and improves the color parameters and sensory attributes, and increases the overall acceptance of the consumer

Mission Critical Microgrids: The Case of the Alcântara Space Center

This article reports the conception and design of a mission critical microgrid to serve a critical infrastructure application, namely, the Alcântara Space Launch Center, a government military facility in Brazil. The assumptions, general characteristics, requirements and particularities arising from the application are established and discussed in detail. High resilience and energy security are required in critical periods of operation, demanding a power supply infrastructure composed of redundant and dispachable sources capable of supporting n−1 generation contingencies. Whereas, in the remaining time, economic and environmental aspects take place as main requests. Operation scenarios, on both grid-connected (on-grid) and isolated (off-grid) modes, are formulated as optimization problems and simulations have been performed to analyze these scenarios, which are reported and analyzed here. The off-grid operation, which is clearly more complex, is preferentially addressed, especially in scenarios with contingencies. In this context, the proposed microgrid is conceived to satisfactorily balance requirements such as the economy, pollutant emission reduction, high reliability, resilience and operational security, which are requested by this critical infrastructure application

Mission Critical Microgrids: The Case of the Alcântara Space Center

This article reports the conception and design of a mission critical microgrid to serve a critical infrastructure application, namely, the Alcântara Space Launch Center, a government military facility in Brazil. The assumptions, general characteristics, requirements and particularities arising from the application are established and discussed in detail. High resilience and energy security are required in critical periods of operation, demanding a power supply infrastructure composed of redundant and dispachable sources capable of supporting n−1 generation contingencies. Whereas, in the remaining time, economic and environmental aspects take place as main requests. Operation scenarios, on both grid-connected (on-grid) and isolated (off-grid) modes, are formulated as optimization problems and simulations have been performed to analyze these scenarios, which are reported and analyzed here. The off-grid operation, which is clearly more complex, is preferentially addressed, especially in scenarios with contingencies. In this context, the proposed microgrid is conceived to satisfactorily balance requirements such as the economy, pollutant emission reduction, high reliability, resilience and operational security, which are requested by this critical infrastructure application

Self-Supported Biopolymeric Films Based on Onion Bulb (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.): Gamma-Radiation Effects in Sterilizing Doses

Sterilization is a fundamental step to eliminate microorganisms prior to the application of products, especially in the food and medical industries. γ-irradiation is one of the most recommended and effective methods used for sterilization, but its effect on the properties and performance of bio-based polymers is negligible. This work is aimed at evaluating the influence of γ-radiation at doses of 5, 10, 15, 25, 30, and 40 kGy on the morphology, properties, and performance of bioplastic produced from onion bulb (Allium cepa L.), using two hydrothermal synthesis procedures. These procedures differ in whether the product is washed or not after bioplastic synthesis, and are referred to as the unwashed hydrothermally treated pulp (HTP) and washed hydrothermally treated pulp (W-HTP). The morphological analysis indicated that the film surfaces became progressively rougher and more irregular for doses above 25 kGy, which increases their hydrophobicity, especially for the W-HTP samples. In addition, the FTIR and XRD results indicated that irradiation changed the structural and chemical groups of the samples. There was an increase in the crystallinity index and a predominance of the interaction of radiation with the hydroxyl groups—more susceptible to the oxidative effect—besides the cleavage of chemical bonds depending on the γ-radiation dose. The presence of soluble carbohydrates influenced the mechanical behavior of the samples, in which HTP is more ductile than W-HTP, but γ-radiation did not cause a change in mechanical properties proportionally to the dose. For W-HTP, films there was no mutagenicity or cytotoxicity—even after γ-irradiation at higher doses. In conclusion, the properties of onion-based films varied significantly with the γ-radiation dose. The films were also affected differently by radiation, depending on their chemical composition and the change induced by washing, which influences their use in food packaging or biomedical devices