3,9-Di-tert-butyl-2,4,8,10-tetra­oxaspiro­[5.5]undeca­ne

The title compound, C15H28O4, was prepared by the condensation of pivalaldehyde with penta­erythritol. In the crystal, the two halves of the mol­ecule are related by a crystallographic twofold rotation axis passing through the central spiro-C atom. The two non-planar six-membered heterocycles both adopt chair conformations with the two tert-butyl groups both located in the equatorial positions

3,9-Dimethyl-3,9-bis­(4-nitro­phen­yl)-2,4,8,10-tetra­oxaspiro­[5.5]undeca­ne

In the title compound, C21H22N2O8, both of the nonplanar six-membered heterocycles adopt chair conformations. The dihedral angle between the terminal benzene rings is 58.22 (11)°. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions are observed in the crystal structure

rac-3,9-Bis(3-chloro­phen­yl)-2,4,8,10-tetra­oxaspiro­[5.5]undeca­ne

In the title compound, C19H18Cl2O4, the two non-planar six-membered heterocycles passing through the spiro-C atom both adopt chair conformations, and the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 7.2 (1)°. In the crystal, the enanti­omers with R and S configurations are generated by the symmetry elements of the centrosymmetric space group, forming a racemic crystal. Inter­molecular C—H⋯π and weak C—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules in the crystal structure

DYNAMIC ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN THE SOUTH-WEST OLTENIA REGION

The structure of an economy is not and has never been permanent, it does not have a static character, but only a moment of stability of a system whose internal organization is, is therefore a dynamic process. In this sense, the ultimate goal of the analysis of structural changes is to highlight the phenomenon of economic efficiency in the complex process of economic growth during the cross in our country since 1990.Lisbon agenda have targeted the European Union to become the most competitive region until 2010.Ulterior this target strategy was complemented by growth and job creation, becoming the main way of creating a European competitiveness . In this context, public policy challenges identified in the national economies have become energy market liberalization, efficiency and diversification, regulation of the economic environment, innovation and technology transfer policies that contribute to a strategy of market leadership.Besides gross value added, labor productivity is also the medium of efficient use of labor.Growth achieved both national and regional level, may be related, in terms of human resource, or increase the number of employees, or a better use of existing employees work. That aecest aspect of a better use of existing staff employee makes labor productivity is a key element in the expression efficiency of economic performance. Understanding the forces governing labor productivity, and especially the accumulation of fixed capital, improving the institutional infrastructure to generate new technologies, is objectively necessary for the formulation of policies for economic growth

3,9-Diisopropyl-2,4,8,10-tetra­thia­spiro­[5.5]undeca­ne

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C13H24S4, has C2 symmetry and it crystallizes as a racemate. The structure displays two six-membered rings exhibiting chair conformations, with the isopropyl substituents in equatorial positions. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯S inter­actions are observed, leading to a channel-like arrangement along the c axis

Migration, Mobility and Human Rights at the Eastern Border of the European Union - Space of Freedom and Security

This edited collection of migration papers would like to emphasise the acute need for migration related study and research in Romania. At this time, migration and mobility are studied as minor subjects in Economics, Sociology, Political Sciences and European Studies only (mostly at post-graduate level). We consider that Romanian universities need more ‘migration studies’, while research should cover migration as a whole, migration and mobility being analysed from different points of view – social, economical, legal etc. Romania is part of the European Migration Space not only as a source of labourers for the European labour market, but also as source of quality research for the European scientific arena. Even a country located at the eastern border of the European Union, we consider Romania as part of the European area of freedom, security and justice, and therefore interested in solving correctly all challenges incurred by the complex phenomena of migration and workers’ mobility at the European level. The waves of illegal immigrants arriving continuously on the Spanish, Italian and Maltese shores, and the workers’ flows from the new Member States from Central and Eastern Europe following the 2004 accession, forced the EU officials and the whole Europe to open the debate on the economical and mostly social consequences of labour mobility. This study volume is our contribution to this important scientific debate. Starting with the spring of 2005, the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence and the School of High Comparative European Studies (SISEC), both within the West University of Timisoara, have proposed a series of events in order to raise the awareness of the Romanian scientific environment on this very sensitive issues: migration and mobility in the widen European Space. An annual international event to celebrate 9 May - The Europe Day was already a tradition for SISEC (an academic formula launched back in 1995 in order to prepare national experts in European affairs, offering academic post-graduate degrees in High European Studies). With the financial support from the Jean Monnet Programme (DG Education and Culture, European Commission), a first migration panel was organised in the framework of the international colloquium ‘Romania and the European Union in 2007’ held in Timisoara between 6 and 7 of May 2005 (panel Migration, Asylum and Human Rights at the Eastern Border of the European Union). Having in mind the positive welcoming of the migration related subjects during the 2005 colloquium, a second event was organised on 5 May 2006 in the framework of the European Year of Workers’ Mobility: the international colloquium Migration and Mobility: Assets and Challenges for the Enlargement of the European Union. In the same period, the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence, SISEC and The British Council in Bucharest have jointly edited two special issues of The Romanian Journal of European Studies, no.4/2005 and 5-6/2006, both dedicated to migration and mobility. Preliminary versions of many of the chapters of this volume were presented at the above mentioned international events. The papers were chosen according to their scientific quality, after an anonymously peer-review selection. The authors debate both theoretical issues and practical results of their research. They are renowned experts at international level, members of the academia, PhD students or experienced practitioners involved in the management of the migration flows at the governmental level. This volume was financed by the Jean Monnet Programme of the Directorate General Education and Culture, European Commission, throughout the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence (C03/0110) within the West University of Timisoara, Romania, and is dedicated to the European Year of Workers’ Mobility 2006. Timisoara, December 200

Invocations of Europe : music theatre and the Romanian principalities, 1775-1852

Hitherto the western historiography of music and opera has devoted very little attention to Romania. This book seeks to address this gap, examining how music theatre was instrumentalised as a vehicle for the overall modernization and Europeanization of the country. It deals with the complex interaction of the aristocrats, who imported the opera, the local public, the foreign power holders in the time of the Russian Protectorate and opera companies and musicians who came to Romania. In contrast to much of Romanian historiography, which stresses the suppression under the Russian Protectorate, this study focuses on the agenda of the various rulers in the Romanian Principalities, the conflicts among the elites and the rising popularity of music theatre. The book thus combines the study of the political, social, cultural and above all musical history of Romania.Published version of EUI PhD thesis, 201

The alchemy of musical theatre : Europeanization and the boyars in Moldavia and Wallachia, 1775-1858

Defence date: 15 January 2014Examining Board: Professor Anthony Smith, University of Oxford (EUI Supervisor) Professor Philipp Ther, University of Vienna Professor Alex Drace-Francis, University of Amsterdam Professor Wendy Bracewell, University College London.This thesis is about the adoption of musical theatre in the Romanian Principalities Moldavia and Wallachia. The adoption took place in a period when two main currents, very difficult to set apart, appeared: Europeanisation and nation-building. On the one hand, Europeanisation had as an aim the adoption of European culture in the principalities in order to integrate them into Europe and make them equal to the European nations. On the other hand, nation-building intended to encourage the development of a national identity. The adoption of musical theatre was one of the symbols of the integration of the principalities into Europe. The main actors of the adoption of musical theatre were the aristocratic class - the so-called boyars. The first chapter introduces the reader to the social and political context. The second chapter is a pre-history of musical theatre, detailing when the first performances of musical theatre took place. The performances remained irregular until the 1830s. The third chapter talks about Théâtre des Variétés in Yassy and how the prince and the boyars defended French musical theatre - "the symbol of Europe at Théâtre des Variétés - against the attempt of Russia and Austria to take control of the theatre. The forth chapter investigates how the state theatre in Bucharest developed more slowly due to the reduced interest of the prince and boyars until 1852, when The Big Theatre was set up. Contrary to Moldavia, until 1852 the Russian and Austrian interference was accepted in the theatre. The fifth chapter is about the behaviour of the boyars in the theatre, which imitated the behaviour of the European aristocrats and their reflections on musical theatre. The last chapter is about the European companies that arrived and performed in the Romanian Principalities and how they organised musical theatre life in the principalities. It is also about the European repertoire they performed at the two theatres in Yassy and Bucharest, with an emphasis on the boyars' favourite operas and vaudevilles

THE AGEING OF THE POPULATION OF ROMANIA IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT

Demographic ageing appeared in the modern society and designates an important increase in the elderly population segment in the total of the senior population and has implications for all sections of the society. The main cause of this phenomenon is transition from the traditional system of population’s reproduction, with high birth rates, to modern regime, with both low birth rates and mortality. On long term, these new demographic tendencies will affect both the educational system, in the sense of reducing the number of pupils and students, as well as the expansion of the demand for health services and social protection