Optimization of pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration of the cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) using the response surface methodology

The objective of this study was to optimize mass transfer during pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration (PVOD) of cape gooseberries (Physalis peruviana L.) by means of the surface response methodology. The effects of the factors temperature (25-45ºC), solids (50-70ºBrix), rotation speed (60-100 rpm), pressure (50-100 mbar) and number of vacuum pulses (1-3) on osmotic dehydration, weight reduction percentage (WR), water loss percentage (WL), and solid gain percentage (SG%) were assessed. Sucrose syrup at a 5/1 syrup/fruit ratio was used for 2 h. The results provided 45ºC, 70ºBrix, 99.99 rpm, 98.92 mbar and 2.87 pulse vacuum, for a WR of 47.52%, WL of 21.12%, and SG of 118.40% as the optimal conditions. Mathematic models were adjusted to the optimal conditions to describe the PVOD kinetics of cape gooseberries. Azuara’s penetration empiric model, a phenomenological model from the solution of Fick’s second law, and Peleg’s empiric model were used. The latter adjusted better to the experiment data

Optimization of osmotic dehydration of pineapple (ananas comosus l.) using the response surface methodology

The response surface methodology was used to optimize the effects of temperature (25 - 45⁰C) and citric acid concentration (0.5 - 2.5% w/w) in osmotic dehydration of pineapple in a sucrose solution. A 32 factorial design was used with weight loss (WL, %), moisture loss (ML, %) and solid gain (SG, %) as responses. The models obtained for all the responses were significant (P≤0.05) without a significant lack of fit. The results suggest that WL, ML and SG can reach 42.62%, 36.54% and 292.16% respectively, after 4 to 6 h of the process, with 100% sensory acceptance and reductions in microbial counts of more than two log cycles, using the conditions defined by the optimization (44.99⁰C and 2.48% citric acid)

Optimization of pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration of the cape gooseberry (<i>Physalis peruviana</i> L.) using the response surface methodology

The objective of this study was to optimize mass transfer during pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration (PVOD) of cape gooseberries (Physalis peruviana L.) by means of the surface response methodology. The effects of the factors temperature (25-45ºC), solids (50-70ºBrix), rotation speed (60-100 rpm), pressure (50-100 mbar) and number of vacuum pulses (1-3) on osmotic dehydration, weight reduction percentage (WR), water loss percentage (WL), and solid gain percentage (SG%) were assessed. Sucrose syrup at a 5/1 syrup/fruit ratio was used for 2 h. The results provided 45ºC, 70ºBrix, 99.99 rpm, 98.92 mbar and 2.87 pulse vacuum, for a WR of 47.52%, WL of 21.12%, and SG of 118.40% as the optimal conditions. Mathematic models were adjusted to the optimal conditions to describe the PVOD kinetics of cape gooseberries. Azuara’s penetration empiric model, a phenomenological model from the solution of Fick’s second law, and Peleg’s empiric model were used. The latter adjusted better to the experiment data

Optimization of osmotic dehydration of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) using the response surface methodology

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"&gt;The response surface methodology was used to optimize the effects of temperature (25 - 45&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"&gt;⁰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"&gt;C) and citric acid concentration (0.5 - 2.5% w/w) in osmotic dehydration of pineapple in a sucrose solution. A 32 factorial design was used with weight loss (WL, %), moisture loss (ML, %) and solid gain (SG, %) as responses. The models obtained for all the responses were significant (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;le;0.05) without a significant lack of fit. The results suggest that WL, ML and SG can reach 42.62%, 36.54% and 292.16% respectively, after 4 to 6 h of the process, with 100% sensory acceptance and reductions in microbial counts of more than two log cycles, using the conditions defined by the optimization (44.99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Cambria Math'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"&gt;⁰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: MinionPro-Regular; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"&gt;C and 2.48% citric acid).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt

ACTIVIDAD BACTERICIDA DEL EXTRACTO ETANÓLICO Y DEL ACEITE ESENCIAL DE HOJAS DE Rosmarinus officinalis L. SOBRE ALGUNAS BACTERIAS DE INTERÉS ALIMENTARIO BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT AND LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL OF Rosmarinus officinalis L. ON SOME FOODBORNE BACTERIA

En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad bactericida y se determinó la Concentración Inhibitoria Mínima (CIM) del extracto etanólico y del aceite esencial de hojas de Rosmarinus officinalis L. sobre microorganismos de interés alimentario: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus y Lactobacillus plantarum. El aceite esencial exhibió un amplio espectro de acción antimicrobiana tanto para bacterias Gram positivas como Gram negativas con CIM entre 512 - 4096 ppm. El extracto etanólico mostró actividad antimicrobiana contra las bacterias S. sonnei, S. typhimurium y L. monocytogenes con CIM de 1024 ppm. La nisina, utilizada como control positivo, ocasionó una inhibición del crecimiento de todas las bacterias evaluadas con CIMs entre 2 y 1024 ppm, mientras que los conservantes usados comúnmente en la industria de alimentos presentaron una actividad antimicrobiana menor que la encontrada con el aceite esencial de R. officinalis.This work evaluated the bactericidal activity and determinated the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanolic extract and essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves on microorganisms of interest in food industry: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus plantarum. The essential oil showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action for both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with MICs between 512 - 4096 ppm. The ethanolic extract showed antimicrobial activity against S. sonnei, S. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes with a MIC of 1024 ppm. Nisin was used as positive control and showed a strong growth inhibition of all bacteria tested with MICs between 2 and 1024 ppm. Our result shows that preservatives commonly used in the food industry have lower antimicrobial activity than those found in essential oil from R. officinalis L. leaves

RECOLECCIÓN SEMINAL INTRACAPSULAR, UNA VARIABLE A CONSIDERAR EN LA GERMINACIÓN IN VITRO DE SEMILLAS DE ACHIOTE (Bixa orellana L), PLANTA CON ACTIVIDAD ANTIOFÍDICA INTRACAPSULAR SEED COLLECTION, AN IMPORTANT VARIABLE IN IN VITRO ANNATTO (Bixa orellana L) GERMINATION, PLANT TO TREAT SNAKEBITES

Para establecer la incidencia del momento de la colección y de algunos tratamientos de desinfección e imbibición sobre la germinación seminal in vitro de Bixa orellana L, se colectan intracapsularmente o postextrusión semillas maduras, con escasa variación en peso (25.57± 0.01 mg,). Una vez desinfectadas y en algunos casos expuestos a procesos adicionales de imbibición, las semillas se transfieren a cajas de cultivo en las que se mantienen en completa oscuridad a 25 ± 1&deg;C, por espacio de siete semanas. La germinación resulta influenciada por el tratamiento de imbibición, por las semanas de cultivo empleadas y por el momento de la colección, pues las semillas extracapsulares germinan en muy bajo porcentaje mientras que en las colectadas previamente a la ruptura de la cápsula, la germinación se manifiesta desde la primera semana de cultivo y con incrementos estadísticamente significativos en la extrusión. Asimismo, y dependiendo del tratamiento de imbibición y desinfección que se emplee, se logran aumentar los porcentajes de germinación, hasta un 78%, evitando la escasa o caprichosa tasa de germinación evidenciada por algunos autores para esta promisoria especie vegetal.To establish the incidence of the time of collection and some disinfections and imbibition treatment on the seed germination in vitro of Bixa orellana L, mature seeds are collected via intracapsule or postextrusion, with a little weight variation (25.57 ± 0.01 mg,). Once the seeds are disinfected and in some case exposed to imbibition process, they are transfered to culture medium and are kept in complete darkness to 25 ± 1 ºC, for seven weeks. The germination is influenced by the imbibition treatment, the growing time and the collection moment. On the other hand, the extracapsular seeds have a lower germination percent than those collected prior to rupture since in this the germination manifests during the first week of growing with significant statistical increases in the extrusion. Likewise, depending on the imbibition and disinfections treatment that is used, the germination percents can increase up to 78%, avoiding the poor germination rate showed by some authors from this promising vegetable species

ESTABLECIMIENTO DE SUSPENSIONES CELULARES DE Bixa orellana L. PRODUCTORAS DE COMPUESTOS FENÓLICOS POTENCIALMENTE ANTIOFÍDICOS CELLULAR SUSPENSIONS ESTABLISHMENT OF Bixa orellana L., PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS PRODUCERS WITH POTENTIAL ANTIOPHIDIC ACTIVITY

Se ha desarrollado un protocolo para la producción y masificación de células de achiote en suspensión, a partir de callos friables obtenidos de tejidos de hojas, como estrategia para la obtención de metabolitos antiofídícos, especialmente compuestos fenólicos, y para ello se ha evaluado el efecto de las concentraciones de inóculo, glucosa, fósforo y nitrógeno sobre la cinética de crecimiento celular, en el medio &frac12;MS+2,4-D (5 ppm)+BAP (1 ppm), almacenados a 25&ordm; C, en oscuridad y a 140 rpm, utilizando un diseño factorial completamente aleatorizado de cuatro factores y dos niveles, con evaluación a los 20 y 40 días de establecimiento. El tratamiento que presenta la mayor producción de biomasa de células de achiote en suspensión tiene una concentración inicial de biomasa de 4 g/l, 20 g/l de glucosa, 0.13 g/l de fósforo y 2.52 g/l de nitrógeno. La cinética de crecimiento de las células de achiote en suspensión, en las condiciones de cultivo de este tratamiento, presenta una fase exponencial bien definida de 25 días; a partir de allí se establece una fase estacionaria hasta el tiempo final de la evaluación (40 días). Se comparan los contenidos de fenoles totales entre el material obtenido in vitro y el material vegetal proveniente de plantas crecidas ex-vitro, como criterio válido para justificar posteriores trabajos de producción metabólica in-vitro en esta especie vegetal.A protocol for production and massification of achiote cells in suspension from friable calli of leaf tissues, has been developed as a strategy to obtain antiophidics metabolites, especially phenolics compounds. Concentration effects of, inoculum, glucose, phosphorus and nitrogen, on cellular growth kinetics were evaluated in &frac12; MS+2,4-D (5 ppm)+BAP (1 ppm) medium, stored at 25&ordm; C, darkness and 140 rpm, using a randomized factorial design with 4 factors, two levels and evaluation at 20 and 40 days of establishment. Treatment with highest biomass production of achiote cells in suspension, had an initial biomass concentration of 4g/l, glucose 20g/l, phosphorus 0,13g/l and nitrogen 2,52 g/l. Kinetics growth of achiote cells in suspension in culture conditions, presented a well defined exponential phase of 25 days, since then a stationary phase until the end of the evaluation (40 days). Total phenols contents among material obtained in-vitro and vegetable material obtained ex vitro were compared as a valid criteria to justify later works of in-vitro metabolic production in this vegetable specie

Establecimiento de suspensiones celulares de Bixa orellana L. productoras de compuestos fenolicos, potencialmente antiofidicos

Se ha desarrollado un protocolo para la producción y masificación de células de achiote en suspensión, a partir de callos friables obtenidos de tejidos de hojas, como estrategia para la obtención de metabolitos antiofídícos, especialmente compuestos fenó[email protected]