Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors

BACKGROUND: In vivo studies were conducted to quantify the effectiveness of low-level direct electric current for different amounts of electrical charge and the survival rate in fibrosarcoma Sa-37 and Ehrlich tumors, also the effect of direct electric in Ehrlich tumor was evaluate through the measurements of tumor volume and the peritumoral and tumoral findings. METHODS: BALB/c male mice, 7–8 week old and 20–22 g weight were used. Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 cell lines, growing in BALB/c mice. Solid and subcutaneous Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors, located dorsolaterally in animals, were initiated by the inoculation of 5 × 10(6 )and 1 × 10(5 )viable tumor cells, respectively. For each type of tumor four groups (one control group and three treated groups) consisting of 10 mice randomly divided were formed. When the tumors reached approximately 0.5 cm(3), four platinum electrodes were inserted into their bases. The electric charge delivered to the tumors was varied in the range of 5.5 to 110 C/cm(3 )for a constant time of 45 minutes. An additional experiment was performed in BALB/c male mice bearing Ehrlich tumor to examine from a histolological point of view the effects of direct electric current. A control group and a treated group with 77 C/cm(3 )(27.0 C in 0.35 cm(3)) and 10 mA for 45 min were formed. In this experiment when the tumor volumes reached 0.35 cm(3), two anodes and two cathodes were inserted into the base perpendicular to the tumor long axis. RESULTS: Significant tumor growth delay and survival rate were achieved after electrotherapy and both were dependent on direct electric current intensity, being more marked in fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumor. Complete regressions for fibrosarcoma Sa-37 and Ehrlich tumors were observed for electrical charges of 80 and 92 C/cm(3), respectively. Histopathological and peritumoral findings in Ehrlich tumor revealed in the treated group marked tumor necrosis, vascular congestion, peritumoral neutrophil infiltration, an acute inflammatory response, and a moderate peritumoral monocyte infiltration. The morphologic pattern of necrotic cell mass after direct electric current treatment is the coagulative necrosis. These findings were not observed in any of the untreated tumors. CONCLUSION: The data presented indicate that electrotherapy with low-level DEC is feasible and effective in the treatment of the Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors. Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of these tumors to direct electric current and survival rates of the mice depended on both the amount of electrical charge and the type of tumor. Also the complete regression of each type of tumor is obtained for a threshold amount of electrical charge

Design and development of a prototype electrotherapy device

This article describes a complete prototype system that can be used in electrotherapy treatments, that is, in medical treatments involving electric currents. The system is composed of two main blocks: the master and the slave. The Master block, whose main component is a CPU, controls the user interface. The Slave block, which is composed of a microcontroller and a wave generator, produces the appropriated voltages and currents compatible with the desired treatment. The whole system is powered by a 12 V power supply and the output signal voltage ranges between -100 V and 100 V. Despite the prototype being able of performing all the electrotherapy treatments in the low-medium frequency ranges, it was tested in aesthetic mesotherapy, namely in anticellulite, located anticellulite, antistretch, and antiflaccidity. In these treatments, the output signal is composed of an overlap of two frequencies: the first one is selected in the range of 1.2 kHz - 1.8 kHz and the second in the range of 0.07 Hz - 2 Hz. The system was tested in a clinical environment with real patients. It showed good results both in effectiveness of treatments and in terms of pain suffered by the patients.(undefined

Reassessment of crossrail tottenham court road station excavation design using the observational method optimistic approach a

The new observational method framework with four design approaches was introduced in Ciria C760 (Ciria, 2017), its objective is to balance the safety and economy whilst dealing with geotechnical uncertainties in the retaining wall design and construction. The new observational method - Ipso tempore Modification Approach C was successfully applied to the Crossrail Tottenham Court Road Station, Western Ticket Hall (TCR-WTH) excavation and achieved savings. This case history has now been reassessed using the Ab initio Optimistic Approach A to demonstrate the maximised economic savings in construction materials. The reassessment adopted the most probable soil parameters calibrated in the back-analysis using the reviewed inclinometer data. The back-analysis and reassessment design were undertaken by the semi-finite element analysis programme FREW®. The wall thickness was successfully decreased in the reassessment so that the associated cost savings were achieved through less volume of excavation and concrete usage. In addition, construction time savings could be achievable, if the contingency plan was not required during construction. A contingency plan has been developed with extra prop levels to support the thinner wall under the characteristic design conditions. A cost comparison of the TCR-WTH excavation case history showed among three designs: the original design, OM Approach C design and OM Approach A design, the maximum economic savings can be achieved by OM Approach A. This reassessment is a valuable case study for the future application of the Ab initio design approaches.Ove Arup and Partner

Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors"</p><p>BMC Cancer 2004;4():87-87.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC539271.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 Ciria et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>Sa-37 tumor were control group, CG2 (-■-); treated group with 36 C/cm, TG2-1 (-●-); treated group with 63 C/cm, TG2-2 (-▲-); treated group with 80 C/cm, TG2-3 (-▼-). Each experimental group is formed by 10 mice

Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors"</p><p>BMC Cancer 2004;4():87-87.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC539271.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 Ciria et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p>Sa-37 tumor were control group, CG2 (-■-); treated group with 36 C/cm, TG2-1 (-●-); treated group with 63 C/cm, TG2-2 (-▲-); treated group with 80 C/cm, TG2-3 (-▼-). Each experimental group is formed by 10 mice

Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors"</p><p>BMC Cancer 2004;4():87-87.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC539271.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 Ciria et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p> were control group, CG1 (-■-); treated group with 36 C/cm, TG1-1 (-●-); treated group with 63 C/cm, TG1-2 (-▲-); treated group with 92 C/cm, TG1-3 (-▼-). Each experimental group is formed by 10 mice

Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors"</p><p>BMC Cancer 2004;4():87-87.</p><p>Published online 26 Nov 2004</p><p>PMCID:PMC539271.</p><p>Copyright © 2004 Ciria et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</p> were control group, CG1 (-■-); treated group with 36 C/cm, TG1-1 (-●-); treated group with 63 C/cm, TG1-2 (-▲-); treated group with 92 C/cm, TG1-3 (-▼-). Each experimental group is formed by 10 mice